VOA慢速英语2019 巴西对教育体系进行重大改革

（单词翻译）

Brazil to Make Major Changes in Education System

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro is looking to make major changes to his country's education system.

巴西总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗（Jair Bolsonaro）希望对该国的教育体系进行重大改革。

Brazilian officials recently announced plans to remove subjects related to feminism, homosexuality and violence against women from school textbooks. They say the military will take over some public schools. Bolsonaro and other officials also criticize the ideas of Paulo Freire, one of Brazil's most famous educators.

巴西官员最近宣布计划从学校教科书中删除涉及女权主义、同性恋以及针对妇女暴力行为的题材。他们表示，军方将会接管一些公立学校。博索纳罗和其他官员还批评了巴西最著名教育家之一保罗·弗莱雷(Paulo Freire）的一些观点。

The announcement concerns many teachers and education officials. They say the government wants to fight an enemy that does not exist.

这一消息让很多教师和教育官员感到担忧，他们表示政府想要打击一个不存在的敌人。

Students may not find many differences as they return to school this month, but changes are on the way.

学生们本月返校时可能不会发现很大差异，但是改变正在进行当中。

For the government, the ideological² battle begins with the removal of Freire's legacy³ in schools. Bolsonaro and others say Freire's way of thinking turns students into, in his words, "political militants⁴."

对于政府而言，意识形态斗争从消除弗莱雷在学校中的遗产开始。博索纳罗等人表示，弗莱雷的思维方法将学生们变成了“政治武装分子。”

They say Freire's methods encourage students to go against traditional values such as family and the church.

他们称弗莱雷的思维方法鼓励学生们反对家庭和教会等传统价值观。

Bolsonaro and his education minster appear to be taking ideas on education from people like Olavo de Carvalho. De Carvalho is a Brazilian who lives in the United States and is known for his anti-globalism and anti-socialist views.

博索纳罗及其教育部长似乎开始接受奥拉沃·德卡瓦略(Olavo de Carvalho)等人的教育观念。德卡瓦略是一位生活在美国的巴西人，他以反全球主义和反社会观点而闻名。

Freire believed that the government has a responsibility to educate the Brazilian people, including poor farmers and those unable to read. But de Carvalho believes in reducing the government's part in education. Instead, private or religious schools should have that responsibility.

弗莱雷认为政府有责任教育巴西人民，包括贫困农民和文盲。但是德卡瓦略认为要减少政府在教育方面的作用。相反，私立学校和宗教学校应该承担这一责任。

During a talk about education on YouTube, de Carvalho said, "The government does not have to educate anyone; it is the society that has to educate itself."

德卡瓦略在Youtube网站上一次关于教育的谈话中表示：“政府无需教育任何人，社会必须自我教育。”

Brazil has 13 military-run schools. They are aimed at educating children of soldiers, but also accept some students based on merit⁵. The military is the most respected institution in the country. Its schools are thought to be better than many public schools.

巴西有13所军队运营的学校，它们旨在教育军人的孩子，但是也接受一些优等生。军队是该国最受尊敬的机构，军队的学校被认为超过了许多公立学校。

Last year, 39.5 million students attended a public school. Private schools served 9 million students. Opponents say the way military schools select students would end up being unfair to children living in poor areas.

去年有3950万学生就读于公立学校，9百万人就读于私立学校。反对人士称，军队学校遴选学生的方式最终会对生活在贫困地区的儿童不公平。

Claudia Costin is director of Brazil's Center for Excellence⁶ and Innovation⁷ in Education Policies in Rio de Janeiro. She said government efforts should center on things like improved training and wages for teachers and making the entrance test for teachers more difficult. She also supports the idea of building a common program of study for schools across Brazil.

克劳迪雅·科斯坦（Claudia Costin）是巴西里约热内卢教育政策卓越和创新中心的主任。她说政府应该努力改善教师的培训和工资，并加大教师资格考试的难度。她还支持为巴西各地学校建立通用学科课程的想法。

The government "complains about indoctrination at school," Costin said. "But it is not with laws that you solve these things."

科斯坦表示，政府“抱怨学校灌输思想，但是你解决问题的办法不合法。"

Brazil was 63rd out of the 72 countries and areas in the 2015 Program for International Student Assessment⁸. The study was done by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

巴西在2015年国际学生评估项目的72个国家和地区中排名第63位。这项研究由经济合作与发展组织完成。

The group says Brazil has one of the largest numbers of adults without a high-school education. Schools are overcrowded, teacher wages are low and school buildings are often in need of repairs.

该组织表示，巴西是成年人未接受高中教育人数最多的国家之一。学校人满为患，教师工资低，校舍经常需要维修。

Government reports say more than 5,800 schools had no water supply in 2017. Nearly 5,000 had no electricity and 8,400 had no waste removal systems.

政府报告称，2017年有5800多所学校没有供水，近5千所学校没有供电，还有8400所学校没有垃圾处理系统。

Words in This Story

feminism – n. the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities

homosexuality – n. showing a sexual¹ attraction to people of the same sex

indoctrination – n. the teaching of someone to fully⁹ accept the ideas, opinions, and beliefs of a particular group and to not consider other ideas, opinions, and beliefs

legacy – n. something that happened in the past or that comes from someone in the past