VOA慢速英语2019--The History of American Breakfast

（单词翻译）

Since the earliest days of the United States, Americans began their days by eating whatever was most easily available. These foods often included bread, eggs or leftovers¹ – food left over from the night before.

Today, ease is still an important factor when it comes to breakfast. However, what people eat has changed over time. And some of today’s common breakfast foods, such as cereal, are the result of very effective marketing².

“Advertising³ was practically invented to sell cereal,” says Heather Arndt Anderson. She is the writer of the book "Breakfast: A History."

Arndt Anderson adds, “One of the first ways advertising was successfully or effectively used was to convince mothers that it was okay for their children to eat these instant cereals. It sort of offered working mothers a chance to let kids take care of themselves in the morning.”

As women entered the workforce⁴ to help support their families, cereal was a food kids could make on their own.

“That's still sort of the power, really the lasting⁵ effect of breakfast as being the first meal that kids do learn how to prepare themselves,” Arndt Anderson says.

Advertising also played an important part in orange juice becoming a morning drink. In 1916, farmers grew more oranges than usual, so advertisers began saying, “Drink an orange.” They aimed to persuade people that drinking orange juice was a healthy way to start the day.

Two years later, a worldwide flu epidemic⁶ caused people to drink more orange juice for its health benefits.

As for coffee, it might have the 1773 Boston Tea Party to thank for its popularity in the United States. In that year, American colonists⁷ protested British taxation⁸ by throwing tea into Boston Harbor. In time, coffee became so popular that people traveling to the American West in the 1830s made sure to carry coffee beans on the journey.

Pancakes have also been around for a very long time. Researchers believe the world's oldest naturally preserved human mummy ate a pancake-like food as one of his last meals.

Researchers think pancakes may have been made in the morning because they are much quicker to prepare than bread. Cooks could then have to time to make fresh bread for dinner.

Americans still eat breakfast foods like bread and eggs that their ancestors did. Writer Heather Arndt Anderson notes that people’s concerns about healthy food choices have also stayed the same.

She says the idea of clean eating and healthy eating has been around for hundreds of years. She adds, “The only thing that’s changed has been the details with which we define what these things are — what clean eating is, and being healthy.”

Arndt Anderson hopes more Americans will see leftovers as a breakfast food. She adds that leftovers taste good and are a great way to reduce waste.

I’m Jonathan Evans.

Words in This Story

cereal – n. a breakfast food made from grain

convince – v. to cause someone to believe that something is true

flu epidemic – n. an occurrence in which the influenza⁹ disease spreads very quickly and affects a large number of people

instant – adj. able to be made very quickly; partially¹⁰ prepared by the manufacturer so that final preparation is quick and easy.

prepare – v. to make someone or something ready for some activity, purpose, use, etc.