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大科技公司员工的批评和积极性越来越高

时间:2019-09-15 15:55:03

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Growing Criticism, Activism among Big Technology Company Employees

Liz O’Sullivan says she felt lucky when she started working at the artificial intelligence, or AI company Clarifai in 2017. The New York City-based business develops computer systems that do work that normally requires human intelligence.

O’Sullivan’s job combined two of her main interests: technology and morality. But she soon found herself in a difficult situation.

Clarifai was one of several businesses working on a program for the United States military. It is called Project Maven. The companies were asked to develop image capturing and object identification tools for drone aircraft.

After talking with friends and co-workers, O’Sullivan recognized that this kind of technology eventually could be used for autonomous1 weapons, operated without direct human control.

In January, after talking with a group of Clarifai workers, she wrote to the company’s chief executive officer, Matt Zeiler. She wanted him to clarify whether the technology would be used to create weapons. She also asked Zeiler to take action to ensure a series of ethical2 measures.

Zeiler later explained at a meeting that Clarifai likely would provide technology for autonomous weapons. O’Sullivan resigned from her job the next day.

“I was very surprised and had to follow my conscience,” she told the Associated Press, or AP.

Zeiler and Clarifai did not answer a request for comment from the AP. But he has said that the company’s Project Maven involvement is linked to its goal of increasing human progress with continually improving AI.

O’Sullivan considers herself part of a growing movement against “unethical” technology. Over the past two years, U.S. tech employees have tried to remake the industry by pushing for more control over how their work is used. They are also calling for better working conditions, job security and higher pay for workers in related fields.

At U.S.-based Amazon and Microsoft, workers demanded the companies stop providing services to Palantir, which manufactures computer software. Palantir provides technology to federal government agencies including Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, and the U.S. Army.

Amazon employees have urged their company to move to renewable energy and clashed with its chief Jeff Bezos at a meeting for Amazon shareholders3.

Last year, many Google employees temporarily stopped working to protest the way their company treats sexual misconduct cases. Google workers also recently signed a letter protesting Project Dragonfly. Dragonfly is a search engine that would follow China’s restrictions4 on the internet.

Workers at Salesforce, Microsoft and Google have protested their companies’ ties to U.S. Customs and Border Protection, ICE and the military.

Many high-tech5 workers are paid well and have unlimited6 vacation time, but they question the effects of their work. Some have joined with unskilled, service and contract-workers, pressing their employers for better work conditions and pay.

Veena Dubal is a professor at the University of California, Hastings College of Law. Dubal has spoken with many tech workers. She says they are feeling sure of themselves because of national and international “existential crises.” They recognize tech companies “have more power than any multinational7 corporation has had in a long time,” she noted8.

The movement for change is especially strong in the San Francisco Bay Area, which was once known for activism and progressive culture. But the area has experienced rising housing costs. The growth of the tech industry has fueled the housing crisis.

The AP says Facebook and Palantir did not answer requests for comment.

An Amazon spokesperson would not comment on employee activism. But the spokesperson noted the Seattle-based company supports renewable energy and provides good pay and humane9 conditions at areas where its products are stored.

A Microsoft spokesperson said the company, also based in the Seattle area, welcomes comments from its employees and respects differing opinions.

A Google spokesperson did not comment on individual incidents, but noted that punishing a worker for speaking out is not permitted.

“There are many things good about giving employees a lot of voice,” said Google’s chief Sundar Pichaei at a conference last November. “There are decisions we make which they may not agree with.”

Amr Gaber works as an engineer at Google. He was among several technology workers at a July demonstration10 in front of Facebook’s San Francisco office. The protest was called in support of the company’s food service workers.

There is evidence companies are listening.

Google and Facebook promised to pay contract workers better. Google also changed its policies governing sexual misconduct cases after its employees walked out. And following employee criticism, Google decided11 against renewing its contract with the U.S. military for work on Project Maven.

Following concerns about technology’s effect on housing costs, Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff gave $30 million to the University California, San Francisco. The gift is meant to help research the issue of homelessness. Benioff also donated $6 million to the city of San Francisco last year to help provide supportive housing for the formerly12 homeless.

Pichai, Google’s CEO, also offered $1 billion to build 20,000 homes over the next 10 years.

These efforts are good for business and for building trust with the public and employees, says Kellie McElhaney. She is a professor at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley.

Yet some tech workers say the companies’ efforts fall short. In some cases, employees have said they have been punished or seen others punished after they or others have spoken out.

“We say that tech workers have a lot of power, but tech executives have more,” said Liz O’Sullivan. The best way to make change is through laws governing these issues, she argues.

I’m Dorothy Gundy.

And I’m Pete Musto.

Words in This Story

drone – n. a type of small aircraft that flies without a pilot

ethical – adj. involving questions of right and wrong behavior

conscience – n. the part of the mind that makes you aware of your actions as being either morally right or wrong

renewable – adj. restored or replaced by natural processes

misconduct – n. behavior or activity that is illegal or morally wrong

high-tech – adj. relating to or using new electronic devices and technology

existential – adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of a philosophical13 belief that centers on the individual's position as a self-determining agent responsible for the truth of his or her choices.

humane – adj. kind or gentle to people or animals


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 autonomous DPyyv     
adj.自治的;独立的
参考例句:
  • They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
  • This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。
2 ethical diIz4     
adj.伦理的,道德的,合乎道德的
参考例句:
  • It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
  • It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。
3 shareholders 7d3b0484233cf39bc3f4e3ebf97e69fe     
n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
  • the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任
4 restrictions 81e12dac658cfd4c590486dd6f7523cf     
约束( restriction的名词复数 ); 管制; 制约因素; 带限制性的条件(或规则)
参考例句:
  • I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
  • a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制
5 high-tech high-tech     
adj.高科技的
参考例句:
  • The economy is in the upswing which makes high-tech services in more demand too.经济在蓬勃发展,这就使对高科技服务的需求量也在加大。
  • The quest of a cure for disease with high-tech has never ceased. 人们希望运用高科技治疗疾病的追求从未停止过。
6 unlimited MKbzB     
adj.无限的,不受控制的,无条件的
参考例句:
  • They flew over the unlimited reaches of the Arctic.他们飞过了茫茫无边的北极上空。
  • There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris.在技术方面自以为是会很危险。
7 multinational FnrzdL     
adj.多国的,多种国籍的;n.多国籍公司,跨国公司
参考例句:
  • The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.这家公司被一个跨国咨询公司收购。
  • He analyzed the relationship between multinational corporations and under-developed countries.他分析了跨国公司和不发达国家之间的关系。
8 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
9 humane Uymy0     
adj.人道的,富有同情心的
参考例句:
  • Is it humane to kill animals for food?宰杀牲畜来吃合乎人道吗?
  • Their aim is for a more just and humane society.他们的目标是建立一个更加公正、博爱的社会。
10 demonstration 9waxo     
n.表明,示范,论证,示威
参考例句:
  • His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
  • He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。
11 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
12 formerly ni3x9     
adv.从前,以前
参考例句:
  • We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
  • This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。
13 philosophical rN5xh     
adj.哲学家的,哲学上的,达观的
参考例句:
  • The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
  • She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。

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