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VOA慢速英语2020--学习前要做的事

时间:2020-04-20 23:58:20

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Things to Do Before You Study

Many students think about how to best spend their time while studying. But what comes before study sessions can be important too - especially if you want to improve your memory of what you have learned.

In today's Education Tips, we will explore different ways that you can improve your memory and learning. We will examine some useful, no-cost things you can do before you study.

Three important ideas to think about before studying include exercise, study location and pre-study tests. Let's look at each of these in turn.

Exercise

Before you study, doing cardiovascular exercise may help you better remember what you learn. High-intensity exercise may be especially helpful.

In a 2018 study, published in the journal Physiology1 and Behavior, researchers found that a group of young people who did 15 minutes of high-intensity training on a treadmill2 remembered more words.

Some studies have also shown high-intensity exercise to help improve the memories of older people.

Other studies suggest the importance of different kinds of exercise. It seems that both long, slow cardiovascular exercise and high-intensity exercise have different effects on memory. Researchers have suggested combining the two to get the best effects for your memory.

The important idea is this: exercise is good for your memory. Even if you cannot exercise right before a study session, it is still probably a good idea to be active in general.

Location

Location is also important for improving your learning. While it is good to have a desk or a special study area, some research suggests that changing where you study could help you remember more of what you study.

Our memories sometimes depend on things in our environment. For example, a book might remind you of something interesting or strange you learned while reading it.

"Environmental Context3 and Human Memory," a famous study on memory, dealt with the question of memory and our surroundings. Researchers Smith, Glenberg and Bjork found that environmental context played a big part in how well people remembered words. The researchers noted4 that subjects who learned from a list remembered an average of 15.9 words, while subjects who learned in two different contexts5 remembered an average of 24.4 words.

Be sure to plan your location before you start to study. You might want to try studying in different places. Perhaps one day you could study in your room, and then the next day you could study in the kitchen, or outside. You do not have to change locations every day, but try to at least sometimes.

Pre-study test

We have talked about exercise and location. Now let's talk about a third way you can improve your study session: taking a pre-study test.

Students often study with a test in mind. They consider the test the final step to show how much they have learned.

But, students need to test themselves often. Testing is one of the best ways to make yourself remember new information.

In 2018, researchers found that students who took a test before learning new material did much better after studying the material. The research was published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology6.

The students failed on the tests, but they were better able to remember the material than students who were only asked to read the information.

"The testing effect appears to be attributable, in part, to the role unsuccessful tests play in enhancing7 future learning," the researchers wrote.

So, try to take a pre-study test. If you are using a textbook, you might want to look to the end of the chapter and do a few practice questions before you read it.

You could look at some important words at the end of a chapter of an English book, for example. And you could ask yourself what they mean, or how they are used. While you might not know the answer, you will probably be better able to learn and remember the answer when you study it!

Closing thoughts

In today's report, we have explored three things you can do to improve your learning. Try them out and let us know about your results.

In future education tips stories, we will explore things you can do during and after your study sessions to improve your learning.

I'm John Russell.

Words in This Story

session – n. period of time that is used to do a particular activity

location –n. a place or position

cardiovascular exercise –n. exercise that raises your heart rate and pushes blood through the body

context – n. the situation in which something happens : the group of conditions that exist where and when something happens

attributable – adj. not used before a noun: caused by a particular thing

enhance8 – v. to increase or improve (something)


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 physiology uAfyL     
n.生理学,生理机能
参考例句:
  • He bought a book about physiology.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
  • He was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology.他因生理学方面的建树而被授予诺贝尔奖。
2 treadmill 1pOyz     
n.踏车;单调的工作
参考例句:
  • The treadmill has a heart rate monitor.跑步机上有个脉搏监视器。
  • Drugs remove man from the treadmill of routine.药物可以使人摆脱日常单调的工作带来的疲劳。
3 context DZnyc     
n.背景,环境,上下文,语境
参考例句:
  • You can always tell the meaning of a word from its context.你常可以从上下文中猜出词义来。
  • This sentence does not seem to connect with the context.这个句子似乎与上下文脱节。
4 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
5 contexts 9be90dc64c1f5b5c993ff11d732a8da0     
上下文( context的名词复数 ); 背景; 投资环境; 设备场境
参考例句:
  • Even seemingly innocuous words are offensive in certain contexts. 甚至看似毫无恶意的言辞在某些语境下都会引起冒犯。
  • Handheld devices are used in a variety of specific contexts. 手持设备会用在各种各样的具体情境下。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
6 psychology U0Wze     
n.心理,心理学,心理状态
参考例句:
  • She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
7 enhancing 490e1788a77a71429b8caa472697e1e4     
v.提高( enhance的现在分词 );增进;用计算机增强(照片等);提高…的价值(或价格);探溯语源,指示语源( etymologize的过去式和过去分词 );增进;用计算机增强(照片等);提高…的价值(或价格)
参考例句:
  • Nanomedicine isn't just about getting fid of the bad--it's about enhancing the good. 纳米医学不只是为了摆脱医学弊病,还在于提高它的优越之处。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望
  • We have been enhancing, but cannot be pleased with oneself. 我们一直在提高,但不能沾沾自喜。 来自互联网
8 enhance vp3xS     
vt.提高(强度、力量、数量等),增加(进)
参考例句:
  • BBC backing for the scheme will enhance its credibility.英国广播公司对这一计划的支持将提高其可信度。
  • Good secretarial skills should enhance your chances of getting a job.出色的秘书工作技能会增加你找工作的机会。

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