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VOA慢速英语--美国各州为全国最大规模的疫苗接种做准备

时间:2020-11-24 09:51:35

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(单词翻译)

US States Prepare for the Nation’s Biggest Vaccination1

Public health officials across the United States are preparing for the biggest vaccination effort in U.S. history.

That is because they are likely to approve within weeks a vaccine2 against the new coronavirus, which causes COVID-19.

As a result, they will need to give out hundreds of millions of doses of vaccine and decide who gets the vaccine first. The effort will involve making sure people who get the first vaccine shot return for the second one, which is required.

Drug maker3 Pfizer recently raised hopes by saying early trials suggest its vaccine is 90 percent effective.

The biotechnology company Moderna reported success Monday with a second vaccine in a major study. The company said the vaccine appears to be 95 percent effective, based on early data.

The push could begin as early as next month, when federal officials say the first vaccine may be approved for emergency use. Federal officials have stated that, once that happens, they will immediately provide doses to high-risk groups, such as health care workers.

Dr. Anthony Fauci is the top infectious4 disease expert in the U.S. He said last week that he hopes all Americans will be able to get shots in April, May and June.

In Philadelphia, the health department is counting how many health care workers and others would be among the first to receive the vaccine. In Louisiana, officials are planning an online exercise to test different situations and see how the process might work.

If you get 10,000 doses, what are you going to do? What about 100,000 doses? Those are questions Dr. Frank Welch thinks about. He is director of Louisiana's immunization program.

Similar preparations are happening at the federal level by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

For the vaccination effort to get started, state officials have been readying systems to track supplies. They also will carefully record who has been vaccinated6. That information will be placed into a national network.

Vaccine providers such as pharmacies7 and doctors' offices will also need to be able to use the records. That way, people do not have to return to the same place for their second shot. More than one vaccine could also become available, and doses cannot be mixed.

"We not only have to bring people back for a second dose, but need to make sure that we have very good records of which vaccine they received the first time," said Dr. Jinlene Chan of Maryland's health department. States already have immunization registries, which will be used for COVID-19.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, wanted providers to report the race and ethnic8 group of the people they vaccinate5. The goal is to better understand whether high-risk groups are getting vaccinated. But pharmacies and other providers objected.

We have to be careful not to give providers too many duties, Mitchel Rothholz told the Associated Press. He is with the American Pharmacists Association, an industry group. He said providers have been told they will have the choice to leave that information out.

Providers will also have to report vaccination information every day. This will be a change for those that usually enter it weekly or less often, state officials said.

To help people find doses in their area, the CDC wants to put information on a website. The site will be updated each day.

Supplying information on how many doses are available might be difficult for some providers. That includes a hospital in Utah that said it only has one person who currently9 enters the information, said Jon Reid. Reid supervises10 the state's immunization registry.

States are also working to expand the number of pharmacies, doctors' offices and other providers that can give COVID-19 vaccine shots.

But registration11 can take time, Reid said. That is because providers often need help filling out documents. They also need help getting technical systems working and going through inspections12 to ensure they can meet storage requirements. For example, the Pfizer vaccine needs to be kept at a temperature of minus 70 degrees Celsius13.

Reid does not expect smaller pharmacies to become COVID-19 vaccinators for this reason.

Moderna's vaccine, however, does not need extreme-cold storage. This makes it easier to transport. Moderna says the vaccine can be kept at temperatures of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius for 30 days. And it can be stored for up to 6 months at minus-20 degrees Celsius.

Both vaccines14 require people to receive two shots, several weeks apart. So the CDC is considering ways to help Americans remember the second shot.

Getting the vaccine to people is another problem. The Pfizer vaccine, for example, comes in shipments15 of nearly 1,000 doses. That requirement makes it difficult to get smaller places vaccinated, said Rich Lakin. He is director of Utah's immunization program.

Health care workers may have to drive to a hospital to get the vaccine doses, Lakin said.

In North Dakota, providers receiving fewer than 1,000 doses will have them shipped to a state storage center that can keep the vaccine extremely cold.

We will divide them into the smaller amounts and then drive them to the provider, said Molly Howell. She is the state's immunization director.

But even if things go smoothly16, officials worry people will not want the shots. Patrick Peer17 operates the Good Neighbor Community Health Center in Columbus, Nebraska. "If there's going to be any real challenge, to be honest with you, it's going to be convincing folks to get the vaccine," he said.

Words in This Story

dose –n. the amount of a medicine, drug or vitamin that needs to be taken at one time

immunization –n. to give a person a vaccine to prevent infection that causes a disease

track –v. to follow and watch the progress of a process or project

minus –adj. having a value that is below zero, of example, of a temperature

challenge –n. a difficult task or problem to be solved

convince –v. to persuade someone to do something


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1 vaccination bKGzM     
n.接种疫苗,种痘
参考例句:
  • Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
  • Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。
2 vaccine Ki1wv     
n.牛痘苗,疫苗;adj.牛痘的,疫苗的
参考例句:
  • The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
3 maker DALxN     
n.制造者,制造商
参考例句:
  • He is a trouble maker,You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼,你不要跟他在一起。
  • A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。
4 infectious I7jx1     
adj.传染的,有传染性的,有感染力的
参考例句:
  • Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。
  • What an infectious laugh she has!她的笑声多么具有感染力啊!
5 vaccinate Iikww     
vt.给…接种疫苗;种牛痘
参考例句:
  • Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样,当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
  • Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。
6 vaccinated 8f16717462e6e6db3389d0f736409983     
[医]已接种的,种痘的,接种过疫菌的
参考例句:
  • I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
  • Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗?
7 pharmacies a19950a91ea1800ed5273a89663d2855     
药店
参考例句:
  • Still, 32 percent of the pharmacies filled the prescriptions. 但仍然有32%的药剂师配发了这两张药方。 来自互联网
  • Chinese herbal pharmacies, and traditional massage therapists in the Vancouver telephone book. 中药店,和传统的按摩师在温哥华的电话簿里。 来自互联网
8 ethnic jiAz3     
adj.人种的,种族的,异教徒的
参考例句:
  • This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏,这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
  • The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。
9 currently SvMzI2     
adv.通常地,普遍地,当前
参考例句:
  • Currently it is not possible to reconcile this conflicting evidence.当前还未有可能去解释这一矛盾的例证。
  • Our contracts are currently under review.我们的合同正在复查。
10 supervises 0c6b8b4be15dd8fdcf08e4a8c5c6c843     
v.监督,管理( supervise的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • The group leader supervises a dozen workers. 组长管十二个工人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He makes the wines and supervises the vineyards. 他酿酒并管理葡萄园。 来自辞典例句
11 registration ASKzO     
n.登记,注册,挂号
参考例句:
  • Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
  • What's your registration number?你挂的是几号?
12 inspections c445f9a2296d8835cd7d4a2da50fc5ca     
n.检查( inspection的名词复数 );检验;视察;检阅
参考例句:
  • Regular inspections are carried out at the prison. 经常有人来视察这座监狱。
  • Government inspections ensure a high degree of uniformity in the standard of service. 政府检查确保了在服务标准方面的高度一致。 来自《简明英汉词典》
13 Celsius AXRzl     
adj.摄氏温度计的,摄氏的
参考例句:
  • The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
  • The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。
14 vaccines c9bb57973a82c1e95c7cd0f4988a1ded     
疫苗,痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
  • The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。
15 shipments 393cda3afe758ce1b79e9987ef35f78e     
船运,水运( shipment的名词复数 ); (从海路、陆路或空运的)一批货物
参考例句:
  • The shipments are being expedited as much as possible. 装货速度在尽量加快。
  • We received two shipments from Chicago. 我们收到从芝加哥运来的两船货物。
16 smoothly iiUzLG     
adv.平滑地,顺利地,流利地,流畅地
参考例句:
  • The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作,所以工作进展顺利。
  • Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。
17 peer mLExX     
n.同辈,同等地位的人,伙伴,贵族;vi.仔细看,费力地看
参考例句:
  • Children are easily influenced by their peer.孩子很容易受同辈影响。
  • He is a peer.他是一个贵族。

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