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VOA慢速英语2021 卫生官员关注新冠肺炎疫苗的副作用

时间:2021-01-07 03:24:53

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(单词翻译)

 

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.

这里是VOA慢速英语健康生活报道。

As COVID-19 vaccinations2 begin, health officials around the world are watching for any problems that might develop. These side effects -- a result from taking the vaccine3 -- are both expected and unexpected.

随着新冠肺炎疫苗接种的开始,世界各地的卫生官员都在关注任何可能出现的问题。接种疫苗可能产生副作用,而这些副作用既有意料之中的,也有意料之外的。

Allergic4 reactions

过敏反应

Recently, two health workers in the state of Alaska experienced allergic reactions after receiving the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. One had a severe reaction and was hospitalized for observation. The second worker's reaction was less severe.

最近,美国阿拉斯加州两名卫生工作者在接受辉瑞公司研发的新冠肺炎疫苗后出现过敏反应。其中一人反应严重,已住院观察。另外一人的反应没有那么严重。

Britain recently reported two similar cases. The Associated Press (AP) reported that these people had serious allergies5 in the past. As a result, British officials have warned people with a history of severe allergies to medicines to delay getting the vaccination1.

英国最近报告了两起类似的病例。据美联社(简称AP)报道,这些人过去有严重的过敏症。因此,英国官员警告有严重药物过敏史的人推迟疫苗接种。

Health officials in the United States are not giving such a strong warning. Healthcare workers in the U.S. always ask people about allergies before vaccinations. Instructions for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine say to avoid it if you are severely6 allergic to one of its ingredients or already have had a reaction to it.

美国卫生官员并未发出如此强烈的警告。美国医护人员在接种疫苗前会询问人们的过敏情况。辉瑞和德国生物新技术公司联合研发的疫苗在说明书标注称,如果你对其中一种成分严重过敏或者已经产生反应,应避免接种。

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises people to remain under observation for about 15 minutes after a vaccination. Those with a history of allergies should remain for 30 minutes. If they have a reaction, they can be treated immediately.

美国疾病控制和预防中心建议人们在接种疫苗后保持观察15分钟左右。有过敏史的人应该观察30分钟。如果出现反应,可以立即接受治疗。

However, doctors said the health worker in Alaska who had the severe allergic reaction had no history of allergies. She experienced redness in her face and difficulty breathing 10 minutes after the first shot. She will not be given a second vaccine shot. The second Alaskan worker experienced less severe signs. Her eyes became puffy, her throat scratchy, and she felt shaky or light-headed.

然而,医生表示,阿拉斯加州出现严重过敏反应的卫生工作者并没有过敏史。她在第一次注射后10分钟出现面部发红和呼吸困难等症状。她不会再注射第二剂疫苗。另一名阿拉斯加工作人员的症状较轻。她出现眼睛浮肿、喉咙发痒、颤抖或头晕等症状。

Allergic reactions are common with new medicines. However, observing COVID-19 vaccines7 for unexpected side effects is more difficult in this case.

过敏反应在新药中很常见。然而,在这种情况下,观察新冠肺炎疫苗意料之外的副作用更为困难。

That is because of the huge number of people who need to be vaccinated8 over the next year. Another difficulty is the different kinds of vaccines being used at the same time. It is quite possible that one vaccine will have different side effects than another.

这是因为明年需要接种疫苗的人数非常多。另一个困难是同时接种不同种类的疫苗。很可能一种疫苗的副作用与另一种存在不同。

The first vaccine beginning widespread use in the U.S. and many Western countries is the one made by Pfizer and Germany's BioNTech. The second vaccine from the company Moderna is expected soon.

首个在美国和许多西方国家开始广泛使用的疫苗由辉瑞公司和德国生物新技术公司联合生产。莫德纳公司研发的第二种疫苗有望很快问世。

Both vaccines were made using the same method. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said that huge studies of each have uncovered no major safety risks.

两种疫苗用同样的方法研制。美国食品和药物管理局(简称FDA)表示,对每种药物进行的大量研究均未发现重大安全风险。

Dr. Jesse Goodman, of Georgetown University, used to be a top vaccine official at the FDA. He told the AP that the allergy9 concern "points out again the importance of real-time safety monitoring."

乔治敦大学的杰西·古德曼博士曾是美国食品和药物管理局的疫苗高级官员。他对美联社表示,过敏问题“再次指出了实时安全监测的重要性”。

Health officials have several ways of observing how people react to COVID-19 vaccines. The AP said that in coming months as more people get vaccinated, health officials will create more ways to monitor reactions to the vaccines.

卫生官员有几种方法可以观察人们对新冠肺炎疫苗的反应。美联社表示,在未来几个月,随着越来越多的人接种疫苗,卫生官员将创造更多的方法来监测人们对疫苗的反应。

Flu-like side effects

类似流感的副作用

Getting either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine can cause some temporary discomfort10. This happens with many vaccines.

无论是接种辉瑞和德国生物新技术公司联合研发的疫苗还是莫德纳疫苗,都会出现暂时的不适。许多疫苗都会发生这种情况。

In addition to pain in the arm, people can experience a high body temperature and other flu-like symptoms. These include extreme tiredness, body pain, feeling cold, and a headache. These symptoms last for about a day. But sometimes they can be severe, causing the person to miss work. Reports suggest these symptoms are more common after the second shot and more common in younger people.

除了手臂疼痛外,人们还会出现发烧和其他类似流感的症状。这些症状包括极度疲劳、身体疼痛、感觉寒冷和头痛。这些症状会持续一天左右。但有时症状会非常严重,导致人们误工。报告显示,这些症状在第二次注射后更为常见,而且在年轻人中更为常见。

COVID-19 vaccines seem to cause more of those reactions than a flu shot. In some people, the reaction is similar to one people get to the vaccine for the infection called shingles11.

相比流感疫苗,新冠肺炎疫苗似乎会引起更多反应。对有些人来说,这种反应类似于接种带状疱疹疫苗后的反应。

Coronavirus-like side effect

类似感染冠状病毒的副作用

However, some reactions are similar to early coronavirus symptoms. This is one reason hospitals are not giving the vaccine to all their employees at the same time. They are giving the vaccines to workers in smaller groups over a longer period of time.

然而,有些反应与早期冠状病毒症状相似。这是医院不会同时给所有工作人员注射疫苗的原因之一。他们在较长一段时间内给小批工作人员接种疫苗。

What about serious risks?

出现严重风险怎么办?

The FDA found no serious side effects in the tens of thousands of people involved in studies of the two vaccines.

美国食品和药物管理局没有在这两种疫苗研究的数万名参与者中发现严重副作用。

However, sometimes rare but serious side effects happen when a vaccine is used very widely. This also happens when the vaccine did not go through exact and complete tests.

然而,疫苗被广泛使用后,有时会出现罕见但严重的副作用。在疫苗没有经过精确和完整的试验时,也会发生这种情况。

The CDC's Dr. Jay Butler warned that balancing any possible risks "with the benefits the vaccine provides in the pandemic is an ongoing12 process."

美国疾控中心的杰伊·巴特勒博士警告称,平衡任何可能的风险“与疫苗在疫情中提供的益处是一个持续的过程。”

Words in This Story

allergic –adj., allergy –n. related to a medical condition that causes someone to become sick after coming in contact with a substance that is harmless to most people

ingredient –n. one of the substances that make up a mixture

puffy –adj. larger than normal, swollen13

scratchy –adj. painful, larger, or rougher than normal

monitor –v. to watch, observe listen or check for a special purpose, such as health, over time

discomfort –n. an uncomfortable or painful feeling in the body

symptom –n. a sign that a disease or problem is present

benefit -–n. good, helpful or healthful results


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1 vaccination bKGzM     
n.接种疫苗,种痘
参考例句:
  • Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
  • Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。
2 vaccinations ed61d339e2970fa63aee4b5ce757cc44     
n.种痘,接种( vaccination的名词复数 );牛痘疤
参考例句:
  • Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时,我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 vaccine Ki1wv     
n.牛痘苗,疫苗;adj.牛痘的,疫苗的
参考例句:
  • The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
4 allergic 4xozJ     
adj.过敏的,变态的
参考例句:
  • Alice is allergic to the fur of cats.艾丽斯对猫的皮毛过敏。
  • Many people are allergic to airborne pollutants such as pollen.许多人对空气传播的污染物过敏,比如花粉。
5 allergies 2c527dd68e63f119442f4352f2a0b950     
n.[医]过敏症;[口]厌恶,反感;(对食物、花粉、虫咬等的)过敏症( allergy的名词复数 );变态反应,变应性
参考例句:
  • Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different symptoms. 食物过敏会引发很多不同的症状。 来自辞典例句
  • Let us, however, examine one of the most common allergies; hayfever. 现在让我们来看看最常见的变态反应的一种--枯草热。 来自辞典例句
6 severely SiCzmk     
adv.严格地;严厉地;非常恶劣地
参考例句:
  • He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
  • He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。
7 vaccines c9bb57973a82c1e95c7cd0f4988a1ded     
疫苗,痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
  • The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。
8 vaccinated 8f16717462e6e6db3389d0f736409983     
[医]已接种的,种痘的,接种过疫菌的
参考例句:
  • I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
  • Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗?
9 allergy 8Vpza     
n.(因食物、药物等而引起的)过敏症
参考例句:
  • He developed an allergy to pollen.他对花粉过敏。
  • The patient had an allergy to penicillin.该患者对青霉素过敏。
10 discomfort cuvxN     
n.不舒服,不安,难过,困难,不方便
参考例句:
  • One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
  • She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。
11 shingles 75dc0873f0e58f74873350b9953ef329     
n.带状疱疹;(布满海边的)小圆石( shingle的名词复数 );屋顶板;木瓦(板);墙面板
参考例句:
  • Shingles are often dipped in creosote. 屋顶板常浸涂木焦油。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • The roofs had shingles missing. 一些屋顶板不见了。 来自辞典例句
12 ongoing 6RvzT     
adj.进行中的,前进的
参考例句:
  • The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。
13 swollen DrcwL     
adj.肿大的,水涨的;v.使变大,肿胀
参考例句:
  • Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着,她的双腿已经肿了。
  • A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她,她的手臂肿起来了。

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