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New research suggests Earth's ice is melting faster today than in the 1990s.
An estimated 28 trillion metric tons of ice have melted away from the world's sea ice, ice sheets and glaciers2 since the middle of the 1990s. The yearly melt rate is now about 57 percent faster than it was 30 years ago. Scientists reported the findings in a study published in The Cryosphere.
"It was a surprise to see such a large increase in just 30 years," said study co-author Thomas Slater. He is a glaciologist, a scientist who studies glaciers, at Leeds University in Britain.
Slater noted3 that the ice melt situation is clear to those who depend on mountain glaciers for drinking water. It is also clear to those who depend on winter sea ice to protect coastal4 homes from storms. But Slater noted that the world's ice melt has now started to be recognized even far from frozen areas.
"People do recognize that, although the ice is far away, the effects of the melting will be felt by them," he said.
The melting of land ice – on Antarctica, Greenland and mountain glaciers – added enough water to the ocean during the 30-year time period to raise the average worldwide sea level by 3.5 centimeters. Ice loss from mountain glaciers made up 22 percent of the yearly ice loss totals.
Across the Arctic, sea ice is also shrinking to new summertime lows. Last year saw the second-lowest levels of sea ice in more than 40 years. As sea ice melts, it uncovers dark water which takes in solar radiation, rather than sending it back out of the atmosphere. This is known as Arctic amplification5, which increases area temperatures even further.
The worldwide atmospheric6 temperature has risen by about 1.1 degrees Celsius7 since pre-industrial times. But in the Arctic, the warming rate has been more than twice the world average in the last 30 years.
The team of British scientists studied satellite data from 1994-2017, used site measurements and created computer models to measure the ice melt. They found that the world was losing an average of 0.8 trillion metric tons of ice per year in the 1990s. In recent years, the team estimated a loss of about 1.2 trillion metric tons each year.
Gabriel Wolken is a geologist8 with the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. He said that finding even an estimated ice loss total from the world's ice formations is "a really interesting approach, and one that's actually quite needed."
Wolken was a co-author of the 2020 Arctic Report Card released in December, but was not involved with the new study.
He said that in Alaska, people are very mindful of glacial ice loss. "You can see the changes with the human eye," he added.
Words in This Story
amplification – n. an act, example or product of making something louder by increasing its strength
approach – n. a way of dealing9 with something : a way of doing or thinking about something
glacier1 – n. a very large area of ice that moves slowly down a slope or valley or over a wide area of land
solar – adj. of or relating to the sun
1 glacier | |
n.冰川,冰河 | |
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2 glaciers | |
冰河,冰川( glacier的名词复数 ) | |
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3 noted | |
adj.著名的,知名的 | |
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4 coastal | |
adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的 | |
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5 amplification | |
n.扩大,发挥 | |
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6 atmospheric | |
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的 | |
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7 Celsius | |
adj.摄氏温度计的,摄氏的 | |
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8 geologist | |
n.地质学家 | |
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9 dealing | |
n.经商方法,待人态度 | |
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