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Studies Show Early Findings About COVID’s Effects on Kidneys, Smell

时间:2021-09-20 23:50:02

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Studies Show Early Findings About COVID’s Effects on Kidneys, Smell

Several recent studies have linked additional health problems with what is called "long COVID."

Long COVID describes a condition in which symptoms of the coronavirus infection remain for a long time. The findings in the studies were recently released and have not yet been fully1 reviewed or supported by other research. Reuters news agency reported on the findings.

COVID-19's effects on the kidneys

One study, for example, has found a link between ‘long COVID' and kidney problems.

The researchers examined the health records of more than 1.7 million U.S. veterans. That includes nearly 90,000 patients who had COVID-19 infections and had symptoms lasting2 at least 30 days.

The researchers found that those people were at higher risk for new kidney problems compared to those who had not been infected. This was true even when the people had not been hospitalized. Severe infections resulted in poorer kidney health, the researchers reported. The study was published recently in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.

About five percent of the long COVID group developed at least a 30 percent drop in an important measure of kidney function known as eGFR. People with long COVID were 25 percent more likely than uninfected people to have a 30 percent decrease in eGFR. Higher risks were reported in those with more severe COVID-19 cases.

The researchers noted3 that, as people age, their kidneys often do not work as well. Dr. Ziyad Al-Aly of Washington University in St. Louis helped write the study. He said damage to the patients' kidneys was greater than what happens with normal aging.

Changes in the sense of smell

Another study found that loss of smell may be followed by changes in the ability to smell after a COVID infection.

Many people who report losing their sense of smell because of COVID-19 do regain4 it. But a recent study found that some patients later report smell distortions and unexplained smells.

A group of international scientists published their findings in medRxiv. The service publishes early medical research before it is fully reviewed.

The researchers examined responses from 1,468 individuals who had COVID-19 between April and September 2020. All had suffered a loss of smell and taste at the start of their sicknesses.

Early on, about 10 percent also reported smell distortions and unexplained smells. At six to seven months after first reporting a loss of smell, 60 percent of women and 48 percent of men had regained5 less than 80 percent of their pre-sickness ability to smell. And rates of smell distortions and unexplained smells had increased.

Nearly 40 percent reported smell distortions. They said, for example, "some things now smell like chemicals." About 25 percent reported unexplained smells. "Sometimes I can smell burning but no one else around me can," one person reported. Ongoing6 smell problems were seen more often in patients with more symptoms. The writers of the study suggested that problems with the sense of smell might be a central marker of long COVID.

Antibodies in weakened patients

A third study found that one kind of COVID-19 vaccine7 can produce antibodies even when a person has a weakened immune system. The researchers said mRNA COVID-19 vaccines8 cause protective immune reactions in most cancer patients with solid cancer growths. They also produce antibodies in people taking medicines that cause their immune systems to weaken. That is what two recent studies in Israel suggest.

The researchers found that six months after the second shot of the vaccine from Pfizer/BioNTech, 79 percent of 154 patients with solid cancer growths had developed antibodies. The Pfizer vaccine is an mRNA vaccine, one that uses changed genetic9 material.

At the same time, 84 percent of 135 people without cancer developed antibodies. Antibody levels were similar in the two groups, the researchers reported recently in the publication Cancer Discovery.

Separately, U.S. researchers studied 133 adults taking medicines that cause a weakened immune system and 53 healthy volunteers. The study found that, three weeks after the second shot of a vaccine from Pfizer/BioNTech or Moderna, nearly 90 percent of the immune-weakened people had developed antibodies. But many had lower reactions compared to the healthy group. The study was published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

Both studies involved a small number of people.

Getting better outside the hospital

And finally a separate study on the antibody treatment from Regeneron found a lower rate of hospitalization in patients.

People with COVID-19 treated with a monoclonal antibody mixture had lower hospitalization rates than those without the treatment, a study recently said. The patients had mild to moderate COVID-19 cases. The researchers reported the findings in EClinicalMedicine. The study was not randomized and cannot prove the treatment caused the better results. But it suggests high-risk patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 may be able to recover without having to go to the hospital.

Words in This Story

symptom –n. a change in the body or mind that shows that a disease is present

function –n. the purpose or activity that something does or is used for

in excess –phrase more than

distortion –n. a change in something so that it is no longer true, normal or believable

immune system –n. the system that protects the body from disease and infection

randomize –v. to do in a way that shows no plan or system


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1 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
2 lasting IpCz02     
adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
参考例句:
  • The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
  • We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
3 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
4 regain YkYzPd     
vt.重新获得,收复,恢复
参考例句:
  • He is making a bid to regain his World No.1 ranking.他正为重登世界排名第一位而努力。
  • The government is desperate to regain credibility with the public.政府急于重新获取公众的信任。
5 regained 51ada49e953b830c8bd8fddd6bcd03aa     
复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 ); 赢回; 重回; 复至某地
参考例句:
  • The majority of the people in the world have regained their liberty. 世界上大多数人已重获自由。
  • She hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise. 她犹豫片刻,但很快恢复了镇静。
6 ongoing 6RvzT     
adj.进行中的,前进的
参考例句:
  • The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。
7 vaccine Ki1wv     
n.牛痘苗,疫苗;adj.牛痘的,疫苗的
参考例句:
  • The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
8 vaccines c9bb57973a82c1e95c7cd0f4988a1ded     
疫苗,痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
  • The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。
9 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

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