在线英语听力室

Discussing Moral Issues: Important Structures and Terms

时间:2022-03-17 02:46:27

搜索关注在线英语听力室公众号:tingroom,领取免费英语资料大礼包。

(单词翻译)

Discussing Moral Issues: Important Structures and Terms

Imagine that you want to talk about moral issues – your opinion about what is correct behavior and what is incorrect behavior.

You might want to talk about your actions or the actions of another. What kinds of terms and structures should you use?

In today's Everyday Grammar, we will explore a point of connection between grammar and moral issues. You will learn about adjectives, sentence patterns, and expressions of necessity.

Subject + BE + subject complement1

Discussions about morality2 often involve adjectives such as "right" or "wrong."

For example, an action is right or an action is wrong.

The central structure for these kinds of statements is this:

Subject + BE + subject complement.

The subject complement is often an adjective.

Common positive adjectives include right, correct, appropriate or justified3.

Common negative adjectives include wrong, incorrect, terrible, or unjustified.

A person might say, "My decision was appropriate," "their behavior was terrible," "we were wrong," and so on.

But there are many other ways a person can describe their opinion of an action.

Let's listen to a few words from United States President Joe Biden's recent State of the Union speech. In the speech, he makes clear that he believes the actions of Russia are incorrect.

Putin's attack on Ukraine was premeditated and totally unprovoked.

"Putin's attack on Ukraine" is the subject of the sentence. Was – the past tense of BE – is the main verb. "Premeditated" and "unprovoked" are terms that describe the attack.

"Premeditated" is an adjective that means done or made according to a plan. Legal cases often use this term. A person might be convicted4 of premeditated murder, for example.

"Unprovoked" means not caused by anything said or done. For example, a news story might describe an "unprovoked attack." This means that one person or group was not doing or saying anything that would give reason for an attack.

Necessity

Another key area of grammar that connects with discussions about moral issues is the idea of necessity – an action must or must not be done. English speakers use several structures to express necessity, but some of the important ones are "need to..." and "have got to ..." or "have got to do...."

For example, imagine you hear a story about a disagreement between two of your family members.

You might say, "You need to apologize to him," or "he needs to apologize to you."

In both examples, you are saying that the right action to take is for one person to apologize to the other.

You might also use "have got to..." to express a similar idea, as in "You have got to apologize to him."

Let's listen to UK Prime Ministry5 Boris Johnson use the structure "have got to do ..." to talk about what he believes is a correct course of action.

We've got to do everything we can to change the heavy odds6 that Ukraine faces.

You might use "have got to do ..." to describe any number of moral issues. Imagine you have a friend who needs your help. You believe it is right to help him or her. You could say, "I have got to do something to help my friend."

Closing

This report explored a few ways that English speakers talk about moral issues. There are certainly many other ways – politicians, religious experts and normal people have debated moral questions for a long time.

This report ends with a kind of homework project. Choose some kind of a moral question that interests you. Then find examples – films, news broadcasts, podcasts, and so on – that explore that moral question. Pay careful attention to the terms and structures that the speakers use. Then try to use what you have learned to describe your own opinion on the issue.

Words in This Story

subject complement – n. a word or phrase that follows a linking verb and describes something about the subject

appropriate – adj. right or suited for some purpose or situation

justified – adj. having or shown to have a right or reasonable basis


分享到:


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 complement ZbTyZ     
n.补足物,船上的定员;补语;vt.补充,补足
参考例句:
  • The two suggestions complement each other.这两条建议相互补充。
  • They oppose each other also complement each other.它们相辅相成。
2 morality 563z6     
n.道德(性),德行,品行,道德观(规范)
参考例句:
  • Morality was the emphasis of his speech.道德是他讲话的重点。
  • He has overthrown the basic standards of morality.他已摒弃了基本的道德标准。
3 justified 7pSzrk     
a.正当的,有理的
参考例句:
  • She felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
  • The prisoner has certainly justified his claims by his actions. 那个囚犯确实已用自己的行动表明他的要求是正当的。
4 convicted convicted     
adj.已被判刑的,被宣布有罪的 动词convict的过去式和过去分词形式
参考例句:
  • He was convicted of fraud. 他被判犯有诈骗罪。
  • He was convicted at a court martial. 他在军事法庭上被判有罪。
5 ministry kD5x2     
n.(政府的)部;牧师
参考例句:
  • They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
  • We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。
6 odds n5czT     
n.让步,机率,可能性,比率;胜败优劣之别
参考例句:
  • The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
  • Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗?

本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎 点击提交 分享给大家。