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VOA教育报道2022 美国最高法院同意受理哈佛大学招生歧视案

时间:2022-03-24 01:55:02

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(单词翻译)

The United States Supreme1 Court has agreed to review a legal effort aiming to overturn the consideration of race in college admissions.

美国最高法院同意受理一起旨在推翻在大学招生中考虑种族因素做法的诉讼。

The court's ruling could affect affirmative action policies used to increase diversity at American colleges.

美国最高法院的裁决可能会影响用来增加美国大学多样性的平权行动政策。

Affirmative action is a set of policies designed to end unlawful discrimination.

《平权法案》是一套旨在结束非法歧视的政策。

It is also used to help people in a group that has been discriminated2 against in the past.

它也被用来帮助那些在过去受到歧视的群体中的人。

The nation's highest court said Monday that it will hear the appeal by a group called Students for Fair Admissions (SFFA) against Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel3 Hill.

美国最高法院周一表示,它将审理一个由“Students for Fair Admissions”组织针对哈佛大学和北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校提起的诉讼。

The group is founded by Edward Blum.

该组织由爱德华·布鲁姆创立。

He has worked for many years to fight against racial consideration in the college admission process.

多年来,他一直致力于反对大学录取过程中考虑种族因素。

The SFFA accused the universities of discriminating4 against applicants5 based on race in violation6 of federal law or the U.S. Constitution.

SFFA指控这些大学基于种族歧视申请人,违反了联邦法律或美国宪法。

It claimed Harvard has discriminated against Asian Americans with higher test scores and chosen to admit Black and Hispanic students with lower grades.

它声称哈佛大学歧视考试成绩较高的亚裔美国人,却选择录取成绩较低的黑人和西班牙裔学生。

But Harvard said the school only considers race in a way that earlier Supreme Court cases have permitted.

但哈佛大学表示,该校只以最高法院之前案例允许的方式考虑种族问题。

Harvard President Lawrence Bacow said in a statement that its admission policy "produces a more diverse student body which strengthens the learning environment for all."

哈佛大学校长劳伦斯·巴考在一份声明中表示,该校的招生政策“产生了一个更多样化的学生群体,这为所有人加强了学习环境。”

The university also noted7 that its share of Asian Americans has grown in recent years.

该大学还指出,近年来,该大学亚裔美国人所占的比例有所上升。

Harvard reports that nearly 26 percent of the latest first-year students are Asian-American.

哈佛大学报告称,最近入学的一年级学生中,近26%是亚裔美国人。

Black students make up 16 percent and Hispanic students are 12.5 percent of the class.

黑人学生占16%,西班牙裔学生占12.5%。

Two lower courts agreed with Harvard's argument and ruled that while its admission policy is "not perfect," it is "constitutional."

两个下级法院同意哈佛大学的论述并裁定,尽管哈佛大学的招生政策“不完美”,但它是“符合宪法的”。

The decisions were based on 40 years of Supreme Court rulings related to affirmative action.

这些决定是基于最高法院40年来有关《平权法案》的裁决。

The Supreme Court first ruled in 1978 that race could be considered in college admission.

最高法院在1978年首次裁定,在大学招生中可以考虑种族因素。

But the decision banned the Medical School of the University of California at Davis from establishing racial quotas8.

但该决定禁止加州大学戴维斯分校医学院设立种族配额。

In other words, schools cannot set aside a percentage or number of students for admission based on race alone.

换言之,学校不能只根据种族来决定录取学生的百分比或数目。

The high court again ruled in 2003 that the University of Michigan's law school could consider race in its admission process to create "a diverse educational environment."

最高法院在2003年再次裁定,密歇根大学法学院可以在招生过程中考虑种族因素,以创造“多样化的教育环境”。

In the latest filing, Edward Blum and the SFFA asked the court to overturn its own 2003 ruling in the University of Michigan case known as Grutter v. Bollinger.

在最新提交的文件中,爱德华·布鲁姆和SFFA要求法院推翻其2003年在密歇根大学“格鲁特诉布林格案”中的裁决。

It is the second time that Blum has tried to appeal the court to end the consideration of race in college admission.

这是布鲁姆第二次试图向法院提起上诉,以结束在大学招生中考虑种族因素的做法。

In 2016, Blum and others asked the court to review the admission policy of the University of Texas at Austin.

2016年,布鲁姆等人要求法院审查得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的招生政策。

But the court followed its earlier decisions and ruled that the use of race in the university's admissions efforts was constitutional.

但最高法院遵循其之前的裁决,裁定在该大学的招生工作中考虑种族因素是符合宪法的。

Since 2016, two of the justices who voted to support the use of affirmative action in college admission are no longer on the court.

自2016年以来,投票支持在大学招生中使用《平权法案》的两名大法官已经不在最高法院任职。

The addition of three new justices, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett has greatly expanded the court's conservative majority.

尼尔·戈尔萨奇、布雷特·卡瓦诺和艾米·科尼·巴雷特这三位新法官的加入极大地扩大了最高法院保守派的多数席位。

And the upcoming retirement9 of Justice Stephen Breyer is not expected to change its make-up.

即将退休的大法官斯蒂芬·布雷耶预计不会改变其构成。

The administration of former President Donald Trump10 had backed Blum’s case against Harvard.

前总统唐纳德·特朗普的政府曾支持布鲁姆起诉哈佛大学。

It also filed legal action alleging11 discrimination against Asian American and white people at Yale University.

它还提起诉讼,指控耶鲁大学歧视亚裔美国人和白人。

But the administration of President Joe Biden recently dropped the case against Yale.

但美国总统乔·拜登的政府最近撤销了对耶鲁大学的诉讼。

It also urged the Supreme Court to stay away from the case against Harvard and UNC and asked the court not to take the "extraordinary step" of overruling the 2003 decision.

它还敦促最高法院不要插手针对哈佛大学和北卡罗来纳大学的案件,并要求最高法院不要采取推翻2003年裁决的“非凡措施”。

The Supreme Court will review the Harvard and UNC cases later this year and issue a ruling sometime in 2023.

最高法院将在今年晚些时候审查哈佛大学和北卡罗来纳大学的案件,并在2023年的某个时候做出裁决。

"A striking out of affirmative action will certainly be devastating12 to Black applicants. It will be very, very harmful to Latinx applicants."

“取消《平权法案》肯定会对黑人申请者造成毁灭性的打击。对拉丁裔申请者来说,这将是非常非常有害的。”

That is Kevin Brown, a professor at the Maurer School of Law at Indiana University.

这是印第安纳大学毛雷尔法学院的教授凯文·布朗。

Brown said affirmative action enabled Black students like him to go to law school at Yale in the early 1980s.

布朗说,《平权法案》使像他这样的黑人学生在20世纪80年代初能够进入耶鲁大学法学院学习。

It helped white students to learn new ideas from Black students in discussion groups.

它帮助白人学生在讨论小组中从黑人学生那里学习新思想。

Some of these law students who got to know Black students for the first time are now lawyers, professors, and judges, he said.

他说,这些第一次认识黑人学生的法律系学生中,有一些现在成为了律师、教授和法官。

"What you're also taking away from the white students is this multicultural13 background, which means when they become the decision-makers of our society, they are most likely to make some very bad decisions because they don't have enough experience dealing14 with the different races and ethnicities and cultures that exist in the U.S."

“白人学生也因此失去了这种多元文化背景,这意味着当他们成为我们社会的决策者时,他们最有可能做出一些非常糟糕的决定,因为他们没有足够的经验来应对美国存在的不同种族、民族和文化。”


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1 supreme PHqzc     
adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的
参考例句:
  • It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
2 discriminated 94ae098f37db4e0c2240e83d29b5005a     
分别,辨别,区分( discriminate的过去式和过去分词 ); 歧视,有差别地对待
参考例句:
  • His great size discriminated him from his followers. 他的宽广身材使他不同于他的部下。
  • Should be a person that has second liver virus discriminated against? 一个患有乙肝病毒的人是不是就应该被人歧视?
3 chapel UXNzg     
n.小教堂,殡仪馆
参考例句:
  • The nimble hero,skipped into a chapel that stood near.敏捷的英雄跳进近旁的一座小教堂里。
  • She was on the peak that Sunday afternoon when she played in chapel.那个星期天的下午,她在小教堂的演出,可以说是登峰造极。
4 discriminating 4umz8W     
a.有辨别能力的
参考例句:
  • Due caution should be exercised in discriminating between the two. 在区别这两者时应该相当谨慎。
  • Many businesses are accused of discriminating against women. 许多企业被控有歧视妇女的做法。
5 applicants aaea8e805a118b90e86f7044ecfb6d59     
申请人,求职人( applicant的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
  • He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。
6 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
7 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
8 quotas 56efa1d6a3d7b4abe55e080dda812715     
(正式限定的)定量( quota的名词复数 ); 定额; 指标; 摊派
参考例句:
  • In fulfilling the production quotas, John made rings round all his fellow workers. 约翰完成生产定额大大超过他的同事们。
  • Quotas of the means of production are allocated by the higher administrative bodies to the lower ones. 物资指标按隶属关系分配。
9 retirement TWoxH     
n.退休,退职
参考例句:
  • She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
  • I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。
10 trump LU1zK     
n.王牌,法宝;v.打出王牌,吹喇叭
参考例句:
  • He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
  • The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手,作为他的王牌。
11 alleging 16407100de5c54b7b204953b7a851bc3     
断言,宣称,辩解( allege的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • His reputation was blemished by a newspaper article alleging he'd evaded his taxes. 由于报上一篇文章声称他曾逃税,他的名誉受到损害。
  • This our Peeress declined as unnecessary, alleging that her cousin Thornhill's recommendation would be sufficient. 那位贵人不肯,还说不必,只要有她老表唐希尔保荐就够了。
12 devastating muOzlG     
adj.毁灭性的,令人震惊的,强有力的
参考例句:
  • It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
  • Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。
13 multicultural qnIzdX     
adj.融合多种文化的,多种文化的
参考例句:
  • Children growing up in a multicultural society.在多元文化社会中长大的孩子们。
  • The school has been attempting to bring a multicultural perspective to its curriculum.这所学校已经在尝试将一种多元文化视角引入其课程。
14 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

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