VOA教育报道2022 美国教师陷入"文化战争"

（单词翻译）

Conservative American states are introducing more bills controlling how history and race is taught in public schools.

美国保守州正在出台更多法案来控制公立学校教授历史和种族的方式。

They are also giving parents more supervision¹ over local schools and school boards.

他们也给予家长更多对当地学校和学校董事会的监督权。

A school board is a group of elected officials who supervise a school district's budget and educational decisions.

学校董事会是一群民选官员，他们监督学区的预算和教育决策。

A bill passed in Indiana that limits how race, history and politics can be taught in the classroom.

印第安纳州通过了一项法案，限制了种族、历史和政治在课堂上的教学方式。

It also permits parents to bring complaints and legal action against schools.

它还允许家长对学校提起投诉和采取法律行动。

Americans are divided on how racism² and discrimination in the present day should be taught, a recent study by the APM Research Lab, a policy research center, found.

政策研究中心APM研究实验室最近的一项研究发现，美国人在当前应该如何教授种族主义和歧视问题上存在分歧。

In a survey of 1,200 adults, 49 percent said schools should teach the "ongoing³ effects of slavery and racism in the United States."

在一项对1200名成年人的调查中，49%的人表示，学校应该教授“美国奴隶制和种族主义的持续影响”。

But 41 percent say schools should teach the history of racism, but not "about race relations today."

但是41%的人表示学校应该教授种族主义的历史，而不是“关于今天的种族关系”。

Answers were also very divided by race.

答案也因种族而有很大差异。

While 79 percent of Black people surveyed said the ongoing effects of racism should be taught, just 41 percent of whites felt the same.

在接受调查的黑人中，79%的人认为应该教授种族主义的持续影响，而只有41%的白人有同样的看法。

Teaching how historical racism and slavery affects life today is a central idea in Critical Race Theory, or CRT.

教授历史上的种族主义和奴隶制如何影响今天的生活是批判性种族理论的核心思想。

Critical race theory is about how racism and white supremacy⁴ have shaped American society, laws and policies.

批判性种族理论是关于种族主义和白人至上主义如何塑造美国的社会、法律和政策的理论。

It has also come under attack from Republican lawmakers.

它也受到了共和党议员的抨击。

In January, newly-elected Virginia governor Republican Glenn Youngkin signed an executive order banning Critical Race Theory.

1月，新当选的弗吉尼亚州州长、共和党人格伦·扬金签署了一项禁止批判性种族理论的行政命令。

Republican states including Tennessee and Texas passed similar laws last year.

包括田纳西州和得克萨斯州在内的共和党州去年通过了类似的法律。

But it is unclear how many schools actually teach CRT.

但目前还不清楚有多少学校真正教授批判性种族理论。

Critics of such laws also say that any attempt to teach racism is labeled as Critical Race Theory.

这类法律的批评者还表示，任何试图教授种族主义的行为都被贴上了批判性种族理论的标签。

In a recent interview with The New Yorker magazine, Democratic U.S. representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said the attempts to limit how history is taught is like returning to the infamous⁵ Jim Crow Era in the Southern U.S.

美国民主党众议员亚历山德里亚·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯最近在接受《纽约客》杂志采访时说，试图限制教授历史的方式就像回到了美国南部臭名昭著的吉姆·克劳时代。

Jim Crow laws in place for several decades until the 1960s discriminated⁶ against Black Americans in effectively all areas of life.

吉姆·克劳法实施了几十年，直到20世纪60年代，其在生活的所有领域都歧视美国黑人。

During that time, racism and slavery was almost only taught from the white perspective, if it was taught at all.

在那段时间里，如果它真的被传授的话，种族主义和奴隶制几乎只是从白人的角度教授。

Republican lawmakers like Youngkin argue that parents and families should have more of a say in what is taught in schools, also called the curriculum.

扬金等共和党议员认为，家长和家庭应该对学校教授的课程拥有更多话语权。

And many states have introduced bills that give parents more control over schools.

许多州已经出台法案，给予家长更多对学校的控制权。

APM's study found that 41 percent of Americans think parents should have the most influence in how race is taught to children.

APM的研究发现，41%的美国人认为父母应该在如何教给孩子种族知识上有最大的影响力。

NBC news reports that 12 states have introduced bills that require schools to put their teaching materials online.

美国全国广播公司新闻报道称，12个州已经出台法案，要求学校将教学材料放到网上。

It is part of a larger national push by Republicans for a parents' "bill of rights" ahead of the midterm, congressional elections.

这是共和党人在国会选举中期之前推动父母“权利法案”的一项更大规模的全国性努力的一部分。

Teachers say parents can already see what their children learn.

老师们说，家长已经可以看到他们的孩子的学习内容了。

They worry that the laws would create unnecessary work and could threaten their professional independence.

他们担心这些法律会带来不必要的工作，并可能威胁到他们的职业独立性。

Educators say they are not against keeping parents informed.

教育工作者表示，他们不反对让家长知情。

But they see a risk that the new laws will bring censorship and more teachers leaving the profession.

但他们看到了新法律将会带来的风险，即审查制度和更多教师离开这一职业。

States considering some version of the idea include Ohio, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, North Carolina and West Virginia.

考虑这一想法的州包括俄亥俄州、亚利桑那州、佛罗里达州、佐治亚州、印第安纳州、爱荷华州、密歇根州、北卡罗来纳州和西弗吉尼亚州。

Similar laws have been stopped by Democratic governors in Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.

宾夕法尼亚州和威斯康星州的民主党州长已经阻止了类似的法律。

Katie Peters is a high school teacher in Toledo, Ohio.

凯蒂·彼得斯是俄亥俄州托莱多市的一名高中教师。

She told The Associated Press the bill suggests "there's some hiding happening."

她告诉美联社，该法案表明“有一些隐藏的事情会发生。”

She added that "the parents who have cared to look have always had access."

她补充说，“那些愿意看的家长总是有机会的。”

Conservative lawmakers have called for a parents' bill of rights which gives parents access to classroom materials and academic, medical and safety records.

保守派议员呼吁制定一项家长权利法案，让家长有权查阅教学材料以及学业、医疗和安全记录。

It would also permit entry to school buildings and more.

它还将允许家长进入教学楼等。

Scott DiMauro is president of Ohio's largest teachers' union.

斯科特·迪毛罗是俄亥俄州最大的教师工会主席。

He is concerned that such bills will add to the increase in resignations and retirements⁷ that have occurred from teaching during COVID-19.

他担心，这样的法案将会加剧因新冠疫情而导致的辞职和退休人数的增加。

Teachers, he said, have "felt caught up in a culture war that they didn't create."

他说，教师们“感觉自己陷入了一场不是他们制造的文化战争中”。