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VOA科学技术2022--臭氧空洞达2015年以来最大但总体上仍在减小

时间:2022-11-07 01:47:02

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Ozone1 Hole Reaches Largest Size Since 2015, But Shrinking Continues

The hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica last week reached its largest size since 2015. It is the third straight year the hole has reached more than 24.8 million square kilometers. That is a bit larger than the size of North America.

But experts say that, in general, the hole is getting smaller year by year.

"The overall trend is improvement. It's a little worse this year because it was a little colder this year," said NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Chief Earth Scientist Paul Newman.

Cooler-than-normal temperatures high in the atmosphere over the southern polar areas increased clouds. And the clouds release chlorine and bromine chemicals, Newman said. These chemicals react with the ozone and break it apart.

Some experts say the cooler air above Antarctica is the result of climate change. Even though heat-trapping carbon from coal, natural gas and oil make Earth's surface warmer, the upper atmosphere gets cooler. But Newman said the ozone area above Antarctica might be too low to be cooled by climate change.

Some scientists worry that climate change will start affecting efforts to reduce the ozone hole. "The fact that the stratosphere is showing signs of cooling due to climate change is a concern," said Martyn Chipperfield. He is an atmospheric2 scientist at Britain's University of Leeds.

In 1987, the world agreed to an important treaty called the Montreal Protocol3. The treaty banned ozone-destroying chemicals. It took many years to see the effects of the treaty. That is because some of the chemicals that destroy ozone, such as CFC11, can stay in the atmosphere for decades.

Chlorine levels are down almost 30 percent compared to their highest level 20 years ago, Newman said.

University of Colorado's Brian Toon noted4 that large fires in Australia and the addition of huge amounts of water from January's undersea volcanic5 burst are new factors that may be affecting the ozone hole.

Words in This Story

trend -n. a developing pattern over time

polar -adj. relating to the far northern or far southern regions of the earth and extreme cold

protocol -n. rules or standard customs for the way of doing something

decade -n. a period of ten years


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1 ozone omQzBE     
n.臭氧,新鲜空气
参考例句:
  • The ozone layer is a protective layer around the planet Earth.臭氧层是地球的保护层。
  • The capacity of ozone can adjust according of requirement.臭氧的产量可根据需要或调节。
2 atmospheric 6eayR     
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的
参考例句:
  • Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
3 protocol nRQxG     
n.议定书,草约,会谈记录,外交礼节
参考例句:
  • We must observe the correct protocol.我们必须遵守应有的礼仪。
  • The statesmen signed a protocol.那些政治家签了议定书。
4 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
5 volcanic BLgzQ     
adj.火山的;象火山的;由火山引起的
参考例句:
  • There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
  • Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。

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