VOA科学技术2023 研究人员发现罗马混凝土强度的原因

（单词翻译）

Researchers Find Reason for Roman Concrete’s Strength

研究人员发现罗马混凝土强度的原因

Researchers have wanted to know for years why the buildings made by the ancient Romans held up so well.

多年来，研究人员一直想知道为什么古罗马人建造的建筑能如此坚固。

A new study finds that their concrete, a strong building material, had special characteristics.

一项新的研究发现，他们的混凝土，一种坚固的建筑材料，具有特殊的特性。

Researchers say the materials in the concrete worked together to make it stronger.

研究人员表示，混凝土中的材料共同作用，使其更加坚固。

The three main parts were lime¹, volcanic² ash and water. Lime is a powdery substance that comes from heating limestone³.

三个主要部分是石灰、火山灰和水。石灰是一种来自加热石灰石的粉状物质。

Admir Masic is a civil and environmental engineering professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) who led the study and published the results in Science Advances. He said the way the Romans started using lime over 2000 years ago gave the concrete "self-healing" properties.

Admiral Masic是麻省理工学院（MIT）的土木与环境工程教授，他领导了这项研究，并将结果发表在《科学进展》上。他说，2000多年前罗马人开始使用石灰的方式赋予了混凝土“自我修复”的财产。

He said the discovery will help current builders improve their concrete "through a Roman-inspired strategy." Masic is working to make a new building product based on the Roman concrete and is hoping to sell it through a new business he started.

他表示，这一发现将帮助目前的建筑商“通过罗马式的策略”改进混凝土。马西奇正在努力制造一种基于罗马式混凝土的新建筑产品，并希望通过他开创的新业务来销售。

Masic and his researchers wanted to know why the Roman structures lasted so long when even some modern concrete crumbles⁵ after only a few years.

马西奇和他的研究人员想知道，为什么罗马建筑能持续这么长时间，甚至一些现代混凝土在几年后就坍塌了。

In addition, the Roman concrete was good for use underwater. This quality helped the Romans build harbors and other structures that could hold back the ocean.

此外，罗马混凝土很适合在水下使用。这种质量帮助罗马人建造了港口和其他可以阻挡海洋的结构。

The researchers said some small bits of lime that were not well mixed into the concrete were not a mistake as was thought earlier. The pieces of lime are called clasts. The new study called the clasts "instrumental⁶."

研究人员表示，一些没有很好地混合到混凝土中的少量石灰并不像之前认为的那样是错误的。石灰块称为碎屑。新的研究称这些碎屑为“工具性的”

Masic said the small pieces of lime keep the concrete from falling apart when it cracks. In most cases, a crack in concrete permits water to enter and the crack widens. But, in the Roman concrete, the small bits of lime would dissolve and send small pieces of calcium⁷ into the cracks. That action, Masic said, repaired the cracks. In addition, he noted⁸, the calcium mixed with the volcanic ash to create a stronger structure.

马西奇说，这些小块石灰可以防止混凝土开裂时脱落。在大多数情况下，混凝土中的裂缝允许水进入，裂缝变宽。但是，在罗马混凝土中，少量的石灰会溶解，并将小块的钙送入裂缝。马西奇说，这一行动修复了裂缝。此外，他指出，钙与火山灰混合，形成了更强的结构。

Both the Pantheon and the Colosseum are examples of buildings that are almost 2000 years old that used the ancient concrete and are still standing⁹ today.

万神殿和斗兽场都是近2000年历史的建筑的例子，这些建筑使用了古老的混凝土，至今仍然屹立不倒。

In the past, researchers thought the important material was volcanic ash that came from the area of Pozzuoli, near Naples.

过去，研究人员认为重要的物质是来自那不勒斯附近波佐利地区的火山灰。

Linda Seymour helped write the study when she was studying at MIT. She called the ancient Romans "great engineers." She added: "The fact that we can still walk around many of their structures is a testament¹⁰ to that."

琳达·西摩（Linda Seymour）在麻省理工学院学习时帮助撰写了这项研究。她称古罗马人为“伟大的工程师”。她补充道：“我们仍然可以在他们的许多建筑周围行走，这一事实证明了这一点。”

Words in This Story

characteristic –n. something special that makes an item different from others

property –n. a special quality of something

inspired –adj. used to describe something that has an influence on something else

strategy –n. a careful plan or method for achieving a particular goal usually over a long period of time

crumble⁴ –v. to break into small pieces

bit –n. a small part of something larger

dissolve –v. to wear away under the pressure of water

testament –n. proof that something is true or exists