VOA新闻杂志2023 美国一州议员提案允许囚犯捐器官换减刑

（单词翻译）

A proposed law in the U.S. state of Massachusetts would permit prisoners to donate their organs to shorten their prison terms.

美国马萨诸塞州的一项拟议法律将允许囚犯捐赠器官以缩短刑期。

The proposal faces intense opposition² in the Massachusetts legislature.

该提案在马萨诸塞州立法机构遭到强烈反对。

Experts also say the measure could conflict with a federal law that bans the sale or transfer of human organs for "valuable consideration."

专家还表示，这项措施可能会与一项联邦法律相冲突，那项联邦法律禁止以“有价值的代价”出售或移植人体器官。

The measure has raised questions about whether prisons would be able to effectively care for the health of organ donors⁴.

这项措施引发了人们的质疑，即监狱是否能够有效地照顾器官捐赠者的健康。

Critics call the idea dehumanizing.

批评人士称这一想法是不人道的。

They also argue that such a law could create pressure on prisoners to donate organs.

他们还认为，这样的法律可能会给囚犯带来捐赠器官的压力。

Supporters of the bill have suggested it could help feel a need for organ donors in Black and Hispanic communities.

该法案的支持者表示，该法案可能有助于人们感受到黑人和西班牙裔社区对器官捐赠者的需求。

Their reasoning is linked to over-jailing rates for those minorities in U.S. prisons.

他们的理由与美国监狱中这些少数族裔的过度监禁率有关。

Kevin Ring is the president of Families Against Mandatory⁵ Minimums, a Washington, D.C.-based criminal justice reform group.

凯文·林是“反对强制性最低量刑家庭”组织的主席，这是一个总部设在华盛顿特区的刑事司法改革组织。

He told The Associated Press that supporting organ donation and reducing some prison sentences is good.

他告诉美联社，支持器官捐赠和减轻一些刑罚是好事。

But he added, "Tying the two together is perverse⁶."

但他补充说，“将两者捆绑在一起是有悖常理的。”

The bill would create a Bone Marrow⁷ and Organ Donation Program within the Massachusetts state Department of Correction.

该法案将在马萨诸塞州惩教署内设立一个骨髓和器官捐赠计划。

The program would permit prisoners to receive a reduction in their sentence of between 60 days to a year if they have donated bone marrow or organs.

根据该计划，如果囚犯捐赠了骨髓或器官，他们就可以获得60天至一年的减刑。

Judith Garcia is a Massachusetts state lawmaker and one of the bill's sponsors.

朱迪思·加西亚是马萨诸塞州议员，也是该法案的发起人之一。

She told the Associated Press that the measure was created to deal with health inequalities.

她告诉美联社，这项措施是为了解决健康不平等问题而制定的。

She said such inequalities are linked to, in her words, "the vicious cycle of unjust incarceration⁸ and over-policing of Black and Brown communities."

她说，用她的话来说，这种不平等与“不公正监禁和过度监管黑人和棕色社区的恶性循环”有关。

Garcia said Black and Hispanic communities are at higher risk for health conditions that might require organ donation.

加西亚说，黑人和西班牙裔社区患上可能需要器官捐赠的疾病的风险更高。

In addition, discriminatory incarceration rates reduce the number of available donors that could serve minority communities, she said.

此外，歧视性的监禁率减少了可以为少数族裔社区服务的可用捐赠者的数量，她说。

Currently, the need for life-saving organs is great: There are more than 4,600 individuals in Massachusetts – and almost 106,000 people in the U.S. – waiting for organ transplants.

目前，对救命器官的需求很大：马萨诸塞州有超过4600人——美国有近10.6万人——正在等待器官移植。

About 28 percent of those in Massachusetts identify as Black, Hispanic or Latino, organ donation data shows.

器官捐赠数据显示，马萨诸塞州约28%的等待器官移植的人是黑人、西班牙裔（即拉丁裔）。

But critics say the proposed law tries to deal with the problem in the wrong way.

但批评人士表示，拟议中的法律试图以错误的方式处理这个问题。

George Annas directs the Center for Health Law, Ethics⁹ & Human Rights at Boston University's School of Public Health.

乔治·安纳斯是波士顿大学公共卫生学院卫生法、伦理和人权中心的主任。

He said offering reduced sentences in exchange for organs is not only unethical, but also violates federal law.

他说，用器官换取减刑不仅不道德，而且违反了联邦法律。

"You can't buy an organ. That should end the discussion," Annas said.

“你不能买器官。应该结束这场讨论，”安纳斯说。

Massachusetts state lawmaker Carlos Gonzalez is another co-sponsor of the bill.

马萨诸塞州议员卡洛斯·冈萨雷斯是该法案的另一位共同发起人。

He defended the proposal, noting that the donor³ program would be voluntary.

他为这项提议进行了辩护，指出捐赠计划将是自愿的。

He also said he is open to establishing a policy that would permit prisoners to donate organs and bone marrow without the promise of a reduced sentence.

他还说，他愿意制定一项允许囚犯在没有减刑承诺的情况下捐赠器官和骨髓的政策。

Gonzalez noted¹⁰ that there is currently no law against prisoner organ donation in Massachusetts.

冈萨雷斯指出，马萨诸塞州目前没有禁止囚犯捐赠器官的法律。

"It's not quid pro¹ quo. We are open to setting policy without incentives," Gonzalez said.

冈萨雷斯说：“这不是交换。我们愿意制定一项没有激励措施的政策。”

I'm Bryan Lynn.

布莱恩·林恩为您播报。