VOA名师答疑2023 英语的词性和后缀(1)

（单词翻译）

Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we will answer a question from Erol from Turkey.

大家好! 本周《名师答疑》，我们回答来自土耳其的埃罗尔的问题。

Hello, My name is Erol.

你好，我叫埃罗尔。

What is the best way of learning words?

学习单词最好的方法是什么？

I am very confused about this subject.

我对这个问题感到很困惑。

Can you give me some advice about learning words, please?

你能给我一些学习单词的建议吗？

Thank you for emailing us this very important question, Erol!

谢谢你给我们发来这个非常重要的问题，埃罗尔！

There are many ways to learn words in English.

学习英语单词有很多方法。

Over the next two weeks, we will talk about learning different parts of speech, or word families, and using suffixes².

在接下来的两周里，我们将讨论如何学习不同的词性或词族，以及如何使用后缀。

Many language teachers say there are eight different parts of speech in English.

许多语言老师说英语有八种不同的词性。

We will look at the four major parts of speech that include most content words: nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.

我们会看包括大多数实义词的四个主要词类：名词、形容词、动词和副词。

Nouns are people, places, things, or ideas.

名词是人、地点、事物或想法。

Adjectives are words that describe nouns.

形容词是用来描述名词的词。

Verbs describe actions or states of being.

动词描述行为或存在状态。

And adverbs describe adjectives, verbs or even other adverbs.

副词描述形容词、动词，甚至其他副词。

In this simple sentence we can see all four major parts of speech.

在这个简单的句子中，我们可以看到全部的四个主要词性。

Warm days have quickly come.

温暖的日子很快就来了。

“Warm” is the adjective that describes the noun, “days.”

“温暖的”是形容名词“日子”的形容词。

“Quickly” is the adverb that describes “have come,” the verb in the sentence.

“很快”是副词，用来描述句子中的动词“来了”。

We use suffixes after the base form or root of a word.

我们在单词的基本形式或词根之后使用后缀。

The root is the simplest form of the word.

词根是这个词最简单的形式。

We can use suffixes to change the meaning of words by adding them to the base form.

把后缀添加到基本形式中，就可以改变单词的意思。

So, if we know one word, like a verb, we could use a suffix¹ to change that part of speech to another part of speech.

因此，如果我们认识一个单词，比如动词，就可以用后缀把它的词性变成另一个词性。

This idea is very helpful for learning new words.

这个办法对学习新单词很有帮助。

We can create several new words from a base form when we add suffixes.

添加后缀可以从基本形式创建好几个新词。

For example, if we have the verb “to argue,” we can add the suffix -ment to make the noun “argument.”

例如，如果有动词“辩论”，就可以加上后缀-ment来构成名词“辩论”。

Or if we have a verb like “create,” we can add -ive to the end to make the adjective “creative.”

或者，如果有动词“创造”，就可以在末尾加上-ve来构成形容词“有创意的”。

In this case, we drop the final e at the end of the verb and add the suffix.

在这种情况下，动词末尾要去掉e，然后加上后缀。

To turn some nouns and adjectives into verbs, we can use the suffixes -ize or -ify.

要把一些名词和形容词变成动词，我们可以用后缀-ize或-ify。

For example: “Beauty” + suffix -ify = “beautify” Remove the -y and add the suffix.

例如：“美丽”加后缀-ify等于“美化”，去掉y并添加后缀。

“Organization” + suffix -ize = “organize”

“组织”加后缀-ize等于“组织”，

We can drop the ending -ation, a noun suffix, to get the base form. Then add -ize, the verbal³ ending.

可以去掉名词后缀ation，得到基本形式，然后加上动词后缀-ize。

To turn some verbs into nouns, we can use the suffix -er, -ment or -ation.

要把一些动词变成名词，可以用后缀-er，-ment或-ation。

For example: “Argue”+ suffix -ment = “argument” Drop the -e and add the suffix.

例如：“争论”加后缀-ment等于“争论”，去掉e，然后加上后缀。

“Dance” + suffix -er = “dancer” “Create” + suffix -ation = “creation” Drop the -e and add the suffix

“跳舞”加后缀-er等于“舞者”，“创造”加后缀-ation等于“创造物”，去掉e，再加上后缀，

Some adjectives can also become nouns with suffixes -ity or -ty.

有些形容词也可以变成带有-ity或-ty后缀的名词。

For example: “Responsible” + suffix -ity = “responsibility” Drop the -e and add the suffix

例如：“负责任的”加后缀-ity等于“责任”，去掉e，加上后缀。

We can also use the suffixes -ist or -ism to make other nouns.

也可以用-ist或-ism来构成其他名词。

For example: “Active” + suffix -ist = “activist” Drop the -e and add the suffix

例如：“活跃的”加后缀-ist等于“活动家”，去掉-e，然后加上后缀。

“Magnet” + -ism = “magnetism.”

“磁石”加-ism等于“磁性”。

Some English teachers use a chart to show the possible words you can make using suffixes.

一些英语老师用图表来表示可以用后缀造出的单词。

Next week on Ask a Teacher, we will continue learning how to make new words by adding suffixes.

下周的《名师答疑》，我们将继续学习如何通过添加后缀来造新词。

And we will fill in the chart of words we have been talking about by making adjectives and adverbs with suffixes.

我们将通过后缀造出形容词和副词，来补充完整词汇表。

And that’s Ask a Teacher. I’m Faith Pirlo

以上就是本期《名师答疑》，我是费思·皮尔洛。