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VOA文化艺术2023--In Hollywood Strike, AI’s Part Is Important

时间:2023-08-29 02:09:47

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In Hollywood Strike, AI’s Part Is Important

Labor1 unions for actors and writers are striking over pay, benefits and job protections. But Artificial intelligence technology has become a big issue in Hollywood's labor fight.

AI has introduced a new point of disagreement between artists and production companies. Here is a look at what both sides say they want.

Why is AI such an important issue?

With AI, star actors fear they will lose control of their likenesses. Unknown actors fear they will be replaced altogether. Writers fear they will have to share credit with or lose credit to machines.

The proposed contracts which the two sides have been attempting to negotiate is to last only three years. Even at the speed at which AI technology is developing, it is unlikely there would be a large displacement3 of writers or actors within that period of time. But unions and employers know that if they compromise on an issue, it will be harder to get what they want in the next set of negotiations4.

New technology is important to filmmaking. AI has been used to make actors look younger, like Harrison Ford5 in the recent film Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny.

All sides in the strike know that use of new technology will continue to increase. That is why both sides are looking to establish legal and creative control.

The actors' view

Actors in the labor discussions are represented by the Screen Actors Guild6–American Federation7 of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA). The Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP) represents the production companies, which are the employers. The strike started on July 13.

SAG-AFTRA released an opinion of the studios' position on the use of AI and their images. The group said the production companies want "...to scan a background performer's image, pay them for a half a day's labor, and then use an individual's likeness2 for any purpose forever without their consent."

The union also said employers want "...to be able to make changes to...dialogue, and even create new scenes, without informed consent."

The AMPTP said in a statement that its offers included an "AI proposal which protects performers' digital likenesses, including a requirement for performers' consent for the creation...of a performance."

SAG-AFTRA said it wants to protect "human-created work" including changes to the "voice, likeness or performance" of an actor.

Observers say that "voice" comes first on that list for a reason. AI voice technology might be more developed than visual technology. For example, the voices of the late Anthony Bourdain and the late Andy Warhol have both been recreated for recent films.

Writers want credit

During the writers' contract talks, which broke down in early May, the Writers Guild of America (WGA) said it did not oppose the use of AI. But AI should only be used as a tool to use in a writer's own work.

The union said writers might be willing to shape stories with help from AI software. But they did not want it to affect the credits that influence their position and pay.

The WGA wants to prevent entirely8 AI-created stories or dialogue from being considered "literary material." This means they would not be competing with computers for credit.

The AMPTP said in a document explaining its position that writers "want to be able to use this technology as part of their creative process, without changing how credits are determined9, which is complicated given AI material can't be copyrighted."

"Only a ‘person' can be considered a writer," the AMPTP added. "AI-generated material would not be eligible10 for writing credit."

This position could calm writers' worries about sharing credit with AI. But it could also lead to no one getting credit when they use AI.

Modern movie writing contracts are very complex and hard to understand. So is the question of who receives credit for the work. Observers say adding AI makes the problem even more difficult.

Words in This Story

benefit — n. things received in addition to pay that employers offer to employees

likeness — n. a picture or image of any kind of a person

scan –v. to digitally capture the image of something

consent — n. permission that is given by a person old enough and able to give it

dialogue — n. speech that appears in performances like movies, plays and shows

scene –n. a division of a movie, play or performance

copyright — n. the legal right to be able to reproduce, publish and sell recordings11, books, movies and other performances

 

eligible — adj. able to do or receive something under an agreement


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
2 likeness P1txX     
n.相像,相似(之处)
参考例句:
  • I think the painter has produced a very true likeness.我认为这位画家画得非常逼真。
  • She treasured the painted likeness of her son.她珍藏她儿子的画像。
3 displacement T98yU     
n.移置,取代,位移,排水量
参考例句:
  • They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。
  • The displacement of all my energy into caring for the baby.我所有精力都放在了照顾宝宝上。
4 negotiations af4b5f3e98e178dd3c4bac64b625ecd0     
协商( negotiation的名词复数 ); 谈判; 完成(难事); 通过
参考例句:
  • negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
  • Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。
5 Ford KiIxx     
n.浅滩,水浅可涉处;v.涉水,涉过
参考例句:
  • They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上,所以我们只能涉水过河。
  • If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪,必须极度小心。
6 guild 45qyy     
n.行会,同业公会,协会
参考例句:
  • He used to be a member of the Writers' Guild of America.他曾是美国作家协会的一员。
  • You had better incorporate the firm into your guild.你最好把这个公司并入你的行业协会。
7 federation htCzMS     
n.同盟,联邦,联合,联盟,联合会
参考例句:
  • It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
  • Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。
8 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
9 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
10 eligible Cq6xL     
adj.有条件被选中的;(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的
参考例句:
  • He is an eligible young man.他是一个合格的年轻人。
  • Helen married an eligible bachelor.海伦嫁给了一个中意的单身汉。
11 recordings 22f9946cd05973582e73e4e3c0239bb7     
n.记录( recording的名词复数 );录音;录像;唱片
参考例句:
  • a boxed set of original recordings 一套盒装原声录音带
  • old jazz recordings reissued on CD 以激光唱片重新发行的老爵士乐

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