VOA新闻杂志2023 美国一城市利用科学减少枪支暴力

（单词翻译）

美国一城市利用科学减少枪支暴力

"That's where I got shot," said Rashaad Woods, pointing toward a small store in the city of Knoxville in the state of Tennessee.

拉沙德·伍兹指着田纳西州诺克斯维尔市的一家小商店说：“我就是在那里中枪的。”

Nearby are a nightclub where some people were shot and killed and a church with bullet holes in the walls.

附近有一家夜总会，有人在那里被枪杀，还有一座墙上有弹孔的教堂。

"There was a point in time I wasn't comfortable standing¹ here," said Kodi Mills.

科迪·米尔斯说：“有一段时间，我站在这里就感到不舒服。”

"But that time is passing."

“但那段时间已经过去了。”

The two men work for Turn Up Knox, a community-based organization that began operating in July of 2022.

这两个人在Turn Up Knox工作，这是一个社区组织，于2022年7月开始运营。

It mentors³ children and teenagers on how to prevent conflicts from becoming violent.

它指导儿童和青少年如何防止冲突演变为暴力。

The project is a central part of city efforts to use research-based methods to reduce gun violence.

该项目是该市使用以研究为基础的方法减少枪支暴力的核心部分。

Turn Up Knox began operating after a sharp rise in shooting deaths in Knoxville.

在诺克斯维尔遭枪击死亡人数急剧上升后，Turn Up Knox开始运营。

The larger city effort to reduce gun violence includes policy changes in policing and other action.

该市为减少枪支暴力所采取的更多措施包括改变治安和其他行动的政策。

However, it does not depend on restrictions⁴ to gun ownership.

然而，这并不取决于对枪支所有权的限制。

That was important, since Tennessee has repeatedly moved to loosen gun restrictions.

这一点很重要，因为田纳西州已经多次采取行动放松枪支限制。

In 2021, Tennessee started letting people carry handguns in the open or hidden, without a permit.

2021年，田纳西州开始允许人们在没有许可证的情况下公开或隐藏携带手枪。

This year, the minimum age for carrying handguns dropped to 18.

今年，携带手枪的最低年龄降至18岁。

Indya Kincannon is the city's mayor.

因迪亚·金坎农是该市市长。

"I wanted to be able to fix it," she said of the rising gun violence.

她在谈到不断加剧的枪支暴力时说：“我希望能够解决这个问题”。

As the gun violence goes up in the United States, so has research into how to stop it.

随着美国枪支暴力事件的增加，对如何阻止它的研究也在增加。

Researchers estimate there were more than 48,000 gun deaths last year, with gun-related killings⁵ and suicide rates not seen since the early 1990s.

研究人员估计，去年有超过4.8万人死于枪支，与枪支有关的他杀和自杀率分别达到了自20世纪90年代初以来从未出现过的水平。

Gun-related incidents are now the leading cause of death among American children and teenagers.

与枪支有关的事件目前是美国儿童和青少年死亡的主要原因。

Now, researchers say they know more about which public health strategies help reduce gun violence and which ones do not.

现在，研究人员表示，他们更了解哪些公共卫生战略有助于减少枪支暴力，哪些不利于减少枪支暴力。

A report from the non-profit research group Rand Corporation points to policies that it found help reduce gun violence.

非营利研究组织兰德公司的一份报告指出了它发现的有助于减少枪支暴力的政策。

These steps include laws that permit the charging of adults who let children have unsupervised access to guns.

其中包括允许起诉让儿童在无人监督的情况下接触枪支的成年人的法律。

The researchers say strong background checks on gun purchasers also helps reduce gun violence.

研究人员表示，对枪支购买者进行严格的背景调查也有助于减少枪支暴力。

Another helpful measure involves banning guns from people with a legal record of family violence, Rand reported.

据兰德公司报告，另一项有用的措施包括禁止有家庭暴力法律记录的人携带枪支。

The RAND report also noted⁶ policies that do not help reduce gun violence.

兰德公司的报告还指出了无助于减少枪支暴力的政策。

For example, it said concealed⁷ carry laws increase gun killings, as do gun buyback programs.

例如，报告指出，隐蔽携带枪支的法律增加了枪杀事件，枪支回购计划也是如此。

About 16 percent of Knoxville's population is Black and about 40 percent of that group is very poor.

诺克斯维尔大约16%的人口是黑人，其中大约40%是非常贫穷的。

Many of them live in East Knoxville, where the firearm violence has greatly increased.

他们中的许多人生活在诺克斯维尔东部，那里的枪支暴力事件大大增加。

Like other American cities, violence increased in Knoxville during the COVID-19 pandemic.

与其他美国城市一样，在新冠疫情期间，诺克斯维尔的暴力事件有所增加。

Before the pandemic, there were around 20 shooting deaths per year.

在疫情之前，每年大约有20人死于枪击。

The number rose to 38 in 2020 and grew again to 41 in 2021.

2020年，这一数字上升到38人，2021年再次增长到41人。

As shootings increased, Kincannon, the city's mayor, looked to ideas by Thomas Abt, a crime researcher at the University of Maryland.

随着枪击事件的增加，该市市长金坎农参考了马里兰大学犯罪研究员托马斯·阿伯特的想法。

His plan includes having police and community organizations work closely together.

他的计划包括让警察和社区组织密切合作。

Abt's Center for the Study and Practice of Violence Reduction at the University of Maryland worked with an outside researcher to study Knoxville's violent crime.

在马里兰大学减少暴力研究与实践中心，阿伯特与一名外部研究人员合作研究诺克斯维尔的暴力犯罪。

The study contained a few surprises, said Knoxville Deputy Police Chief Tony Willis.

诺克斯维尔警察局副局长托尼·威利斯说，这项研究包含了一些惊喜。

Just 12 percent of killings by gun were related to organized criminal groups alone.

仅有12%的枪击事件与有组织的犯罪集团有关。

That suggests many of the shootings only involved personal disagreements.

这表明，许多枪击事件只涉及个人分歧。

The city's plan centered first on areas in East Knoxville with high rates of gun violence.

该市的计划首先集中在诺克斯维尔东部枪支暴力事件高发地区。

The effort involves church leaders and community organizations.

这项行动涉及教会领袖和社区组织。

It also included a new police chief, an investigative division centered on homicides and shootings, and officers who work mostly in areas with many shootings.

它还包括一名新的警察局长，一个以凶杀和枪击事件为中心的调查部门，以及主要在枪击事件多发地区工作的警察。

A goal is to increase public trust in law enforcement, which had been low.

其目标是提高公众对执法部门的信任度，此前公众对执法部门的信任度很低。

"We would have someone get killed in broad daylight, with a lot of witnesses, but no one wanted to talk," Kincannon said.

金坎农说：“有人在光天化日之下被杀，虽然有很多目击者，但没有人愿意谈论”。

"That means we need more partnership⁸ in the community, to build trust."

“这意味着我们需要在社区中建立更多的伙伴关系，以提高信任度。”

That is where Turn Up Knox is expected to help.

这就是他们期望Turn Up Knox提供帮助的地方。

It involves ex-offenders, victims and other community members assisting.

它涉及有前科者、受害者和其他社区成员的协助。

They help identify those most likely to be shot or to become shooters.

他们帮助识别那些最有可能被枪杀或成为枪手的人。

They also mentor² teenagers and operate a lawn service that gives jobs to kids.

他们还指导青少年，并经营一家为儿童提供工作的草坪服务公司。

And, they teach families how to settle conflicts and deal with shooting events.

此外，他们还教家庭如何解决冲突和处理枪击事件。

Sometimes, when someone is in danger of becoming the victim of a revenge shooting, Turn Up Knox gives the person a bus ticket to leave town for a few days.

有时，当某人有成为报复性枪击事件的受害者的危险时，Turn Up Knox会给这个人一张离开小镇几天的汽车票。

However, some experts say programs built around Thomas Abt's ideas do not deal with enough of the problem.

然而，一些专家表示，围绕托马斯·阿伯特的想法建立的计划并没有解决足够多的问题。

They note that the programs do not deal with suicide by gun nor the issue of poverty as a risk for gun violence.

他们指出，这些计划没有涉及枪支自杀问题，也没有将贫困问题作为引发枪支暴力的风险来处理。

Charlene Roberts' 25-year-old daughter, Jessie, was shot and killed in 2019 while sitting in a car.

沙琳·罗伯茨25岁的女儿杰西于2019年在车里被枪杀。

Her son Kevin, 33, was killed in 2021 in gunfire at a birthday party.

她33岁的儿子凯文于2021年在一次生日聚会上被枪杀。

She is now raising Jessie's son, Princeton.

她现在抚养杰西的儿子普林斯顿。

She says he is strong but that he has also changed.

她说他很坚强，但他也变了。

"He always had the biggest smile, just like his mother," she said.

她说：“他过去总是开怀大笑，就像他妈妈一样”。

"It breaks my heart. He fakes a smile now. He don't have that smile anymore."

“这让我很伤心。他现在强颜欢笑。他再也没有那种笑容了。”

I'm Andrew Smith. And I'm Dorothy Gundy.

安德鲁·史密斯、多萝西·冈迪为您共同播报。