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VOA教育报道2024--How International Students Should Think about Writing, AI

时间:2024-04-01 03:29:35

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How International Students Should Think about Writing, AI

  Students must learn academic writing and research methods when moving from high school to college. That is why universities require a first-year writing class. As experienced students move on to higher degrees, they continue learning how to do research and to write for academic publications.

  But learning the new writing methods can be difficult for international students, said Nat Smitobol. He is a counselor1 for IvyWise, a company that helps students prepare their applications for top-level American universities.

  Different "academic culture"

  In the United States, Smitobol said, most students have a basic understanding that they must give credit to, or cite, the sources of the words and ideas in their academic writing. For those who come from other countries, this can be new.

  Smitobol said one of the most important lessons students new to the U.S. learn is: "this academic culture of really making sure you give other people credit in a formal way."

  Using another person's words without giving them credit is considered plagiarism2. VOA Learning English recently prepared a guide for international students who need to learn more about plagiarism and why it is a serious concern. A plagiarism accusation3 recently led to Harvard University's president having to step down from her position.

  Smitobol said the reason citations5 are difficult for international students is that teachers and professors overseas are more often concerned that students provide the correct answer to a question than showing the information source.

  Amjad Binshahbain agrees. He is a student at the English Language Center, or ELC, at Old Dominion6 University in Virginia. Binshahbain is from Yemen and also attended school in the United Arab Emirates. In Virginia, he takes classes with students from places like Greece, Spain and Japan. They often discuss the academic differences between the U.S. and their countries.

  AI tools

  He said one of the first things ELC students learn is how to follow American university guidelines for recording7 source material. They also talk about writing papers without the help of artificial intelligence, or AI, tools.

  Binshahbain said it is easy for students who are learning how to write papers in English to depend on generative AI tools. These tools can change their grammar or make their writing easier to understand. However, after nearly a year at the ELC, he has, in his words, "progressed a lot."

  "I have been improving since then, since the summer in 2023. Now I can write a whole assignment without any outside source. I can read an article and understand it and write it in my own words. That's one of the techniques that I got since I come to the U.S."

  He said it is better to struggle with writing and adding citations to academic work early in college than to find out that you do not know how to do it later on.

  Smitobol noted8 that many universities will show students how to use tools such as the RefWorks citation4 manager. The computer tool permits students to carry out research online and collects all of the source material necessary.

  High stakes

  Meredith Bricker teaches in the English Language Institute at the University of Michigan. Many of her students are working on advanced degrees. That means they are learning and doing research on difficult academic subjects. She said the citation tools are both good and bad. On the one hand, they permit students to easily create a source list. On the other hand, they can prevent students from finding or understanding the best sources for a project.

  "They're like, ‘OK, fine. I'll just put whatever comes up (in my search) on my citation list,'" Bricker said.

  Students who come to Bricker's class are doing their own research, she added. They hope that they can make a discovery or create a new idea and be published in a journal. So, the stakes are high for master's or Ph.D. students compared to those just beginning college. She said it is likely the people cited in a paper by one of her students will read it.

  "In some ways it's (citations) more relevant. You know, like, almost easier for them to see the purpose and the point. But I think it's also the flip9 side of that is if they do it incorrectly, it could have such devastating10 effects on their futures11, you know, pretty immediately."

  International students who are caught using other people's ideas without citing them can be expelled or removed from school. That would cause them to be in violation12 of their F1 student visa. At higher levels, a young researcher who is caught plagiarizing13 may have trouble finding another job.

  AI is ‘not going away'

  Bricker believes students should also give credit to AI tools whenever they use them. "Gen-AI is not going away," she said. "Part of our job as writing teachers...is to make sure students know the boundary between appropriate and inappropriate use."

  She said some academic journals will permit the use of artificial intelligence and others will not. "It depends on the field," she said, noting that a linguistics14 journal might have different rules than an engineering journal.

  Bricker said she tells her students that it is difficult for teachers to know if their students are using AI tools. But as a writing teacher, it is her goal to help them learn to write on their own, without help from a machine.

  "I'm a teacher of writing. So, letting my students know ‘I want to see your writing, you.' I want to see what you're doing as a writer, and I want to help you grow as a writer...So I can do that with you using this and without you using this. But it's your choice."

  Binshahbain said international students who are learning English in the U.S. are tempted15 by AI tools. But he advises students that they should use AI only for some things, like searching for sources.

  "When I first came here, I was using it for everything," he said. "But I stopped because I understand the best thing to do (is) to put the effort on learning. It's going to pay off in the future."

  Words in This Story

  academic –adj. related to work done at schools or colleges but not in businesses or government

  cite –v. to report where a piece of writing or other intellectual property came from, showing where a reader could find the original work

  source –n. a piece of writing or art that is referred to

  plagiarism –n. the act of claiming someone else's written work as your own

  assignment –n. a task given by a teacher to a student in school

  article –n. a piece of writing usually on one subject that is not too long

  journal –n. a magazine about a large subject that is regularly published and contains several articles and opinions written by academic authors

  stakes –n. (pl.) something that could be won or lost

  flip side –n. the other side of an argument

  appropriate –adj. something that is right for the situation


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 counselor czlxd     
n.顾问,法律顾问
参考例句:
  • The counselor gave us some disinterested advice.顾问给了我们一些无私的忠告。
  • Chinese commercial counselor's office in foreign countries.中国驻国外商务参赞处。
2 plagiarism d2Pz4     
n.剽窃,抄袭
参考例句:
  • Teachers in America fight to control cheating and plagiarism.美国老师们努力对付欺骗和剽窃的问题。
  • Now he's in real trouble.He's accused of plagiarism.现在他是真遇到麻烦了。他被指控剽窃。
3 accusation GJpyf     
n.控告,指责,谴责
参考例句:
  • I was furious at his making such an accusation.我对他的这种责备非常气愤。
  • She knew that no one would believe her accusation.她知道没人会相信她的指控。
4 citation 1qyzo     
n.引用,引证,引用文;传票
参考例句:
  • He had to sign the proposition for the citation.他只好在受奖申请书上签了字。
  • The court could issue a citation and fine Ms. Robbins.法庭可能会发传票,对罗宾斯女士处以罚款。
5 citations f545579a8900192a0b83b831bee7f711     
n.引用( citation的名词复数 );引证;引文;表扬
参考例句:
  • The apt citations and poetic gems have adorned his speeches. 贴切的引语和珠玑般的诗句为他的演说词增添文采。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Some dictionary writers use citations to show what words mean. 有些辞典的编纂者用引文作例证以解释词义。 来自辞典例句
6 dominion FmQy1     
n.统治,管辖,支配权;领土,版图
参考例句:
  • Alexander held dominion over a vast area.亚历山大曾统治过辽阔的地域。
  • In the affluent society,the authorities are hardly forced to justify their dominion.在富裕社会里,当局几乎无需证明其统治之合理。
7 recording UktzJj     
n.录音,记录
参考例句:
  • How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间?
  • I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
8 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
9 flip Vjwx6     
vt.快速翻动;轻抛;轻拍;n.轻抛;adj.轻浮的
参考例句:
  • I had a quick flip through the book and it looked very interesting.我很快翻阅了一下那本书,看来似乎很有趣。
  • Let's flip a coin to see who pays the bill.咱们来抛硬币决定谁付钱。
10 devastating muOzlG     
adj.毁灭性的,令人震惊的,强有力的
参考例句:
  • It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
  • Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。
11 futures Isdz1Q     
n.期货,期货交易
参考例句:
  • He continued his operations in cotton futures.他继续进行棉花期货交易。
  • Cotton futures are selling at high prices.棉花期货交易的卖价是很高的。
12 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
13 plagiarizing 6fca7d3d0da39956285b4a2ead48f2f9     
v.剽窃,抄袭( plagiarize的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • He was accused of plagiarizing his colleague's results. 他被指控剽窃同事的成果。
  • Moderates are plagiarizing his ideas in hopes of wooing voters. 温和派为讨好选民在盗用他的观点。 来自辞典例句
14 linguistics f0Gxm     
n.语言学
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • Linguistics is a scientific study of the property of language.语言学是指对语言的性质所作的系统研究。
15 tempted b0182e969d369add1b9ce2353d3c6ad6     
v.怂恿(某人)干不正当的事;冒…的险(tempt的过去分词)
参考例句:
  • I was sorely tempted to complain, but I didn't. 我极想发牢骚,但还是没开口。
  • I was tempted by the dessert menu. 甜食菜单馋得我垂涎欲滴。

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