VOA新闻杂志2024--Limited Water Affects People around the World

（单词翻译）

Limited Water Affects People around the World

　　People around the world are worried that water for drinking, cooking and cleaning is getting harder to find. Many believe changes in their climate are affecting their ability to get water.

　　The problem exists in places such as Corning, California; Lima, Peru; Jakarta, Indonesia; Ras El Ma, Morocco; Makueni County¹, Kenya, and Bawal, India.

　　The United Nations says 2.2 billion people worldwide do not have safely managed drinking water.

　　Lima, Peru

　　In Lima, Justina Flores lives with no running water. She is a 50-year-old grandmother who gets water from the government. With the supply, she washes her family's clothing by hand and then uses what is left to bathe her dog.

　　The government gives water to 1.5 million of the country's poorest people. Big water trucks make their way up hills to get to places where people need it. Flores tries to limit her water use. She owns a washing machine, but it uses too much water. By washing clothes by hand, she saves about 45 liters². The family gets 3,000 liters per week. Official information says, in wealthier areas with running water, families use an average of almost 12,000 liters per week.

　　Flores has worked in some of those homes. She said, there, people can take a bath every day. She said in her area of Lima, people can only wash themselves two times per week.

　　Jakarta, Indonesia

　　In Indonesia's capital, Jakarta, people say it is difficult to get clean water.

　　Devi Putri Eka Sari is 37. She has three children. Since she was a girl, she has had to purchase water from sellers³ who work in her low-income neighborhood. While the government installed⁵ water pipes and pumps, the water does not always come.

　　Sari said, if the water did flow, she is not sure she would drink it. "It's not healthy," she said. "It's filled with bacteria that will make you sick." She said it also smells like chemicals.

　　The World Health Organization says she is right. Seven of 10 households in Indonesia use drinking water that contains the dangerous bacteria known as E. coli.

　　As a result, she and many other Indonesians have been buying water all their lives. They either use large, refillable containers or single-use bottles. This creates a lot of waste.

　　"It's the option we have," she said.

　　Ras El Ma, Morocco

　　In the North African country of Morocco, a river flows next to the farm where Mimoun Nadori's family has grown fruits and vegetables for a long time.

　　But when he tastes the water from the river today, he makes a bad face. The water is salty. He said it was not that way in the past. Back then, as he said: "Everything was green. We drank from the river and washed with the river. We made a life with it."

　　His land is along the Moulouya River, which does not flow like it did in the past. Dams were built and water is pumped upstream. That means Nadori's land gets less water. The water hardly moves, which permits seawater to come in.

　　Nadori now has to bring water in for the chickens he raises. He once raised cows, but he discovered the cows were drinking from the tainted⁶ water. The cows died.

　　He admitted there is more than one reason for the lack of water.

　　"We won't lie and say the reason is only humans or drought⁷, it's both," he said. "We don't know how to use water and we waste a lot of water."

　　Corning, California, United States

　　Fred and Robin⁸ Imfeld once had no problem filling their swimming pool and watering the plants at their home in rural⁹ California. But two years ago, their well in the town of Corning went dry. The pool is empty now, and the plants are brown.

　　Across California, wells have dried up because people use too much water and there is not enough rain to replace what is used. The supply of groundwater is low. The Imfelds want to drill a new, deeper well. But it would cost a lot: $25,000.

　　Until they can drill the new well, they depend on water from the state. Two times each month, they receive a water tank that contains almost 10,000 liters. They use the water to wash themselves, wash dishes and clean their clothes. They get a different shipment¹⁰ of 113 liters of water every two weeks that they use for drinking and cooking. When they need more water, Imfeld takes all the containers he has to a friend's home a few kilometers away and fills them.

　　He said the worries about water add to the family's personal concerns. They are worried all the time about their own lives and the water. "We're just being emotionally¹¹ drained," he said.

　　Makueni County, Kenya

　　Joyce Mule¹³ used to walk two hours each day to find water in Makueni County, Kenya. There are few water pipes in her southeastern village.

　　One way to get water is by digging holes in a local riverbed and retrieving¹⁴ the collected water.

　　But in 2012, she and the others in the village changed to a different method. They now catch water that runs off rocks 30 or more meters above the ground.

　　The rock catchment method directs the water through a containing wall and smaller rocks that help to clean it. Eventually the water flows into a pipe and into a large tank that is much closer to the village.

　　Her plants and trees are now healthy. There is more fruit and cows are producing more milk. Her life is better now.

　　"We used to think the rocks were worthless," she said. "But now we see the benefits."

　　Bawal, India

　　Ramkrishan Malawat is 52. He remembers the days when people in his village near New Dehli did not have to dig deep wells to get water. They only needed to walk 10 kilometers to find a fast-flowing river. Water was no concern.

　　Now, the river is dry, and the water is more than 70 meters below the ground. "We are forced to dig deeper with every passing year," he said. But he must keep digging in order to get water for his farm – he grows mustard¹⁵, corn and other grains.

　　When he does get to the water, it is not as clean. The water contains chemicals from the ground – including fluoride.

　　Drilling for water is common in India. The United Nations says India drills and pumps more groundwater than the United States and China combined.

　　There is more need for water as India grows. The Indian population is the world's largest, and it continues to grow. The people need homes and jobs. Every time a new structure is built, it causes runoff, and less water can seep¹⁶ into the ground.

　　"Water just flows away," Malawat said. He noted¹⁷ that the auto¹⁸ industry is now bigger than farming in the area.

　　"I worry sometimes that in 10 to 15 years, there will be no good water available for farming in my town," he said.

　　Words in This Story

　　install⁴ –v. to put a piece of equipment or a part in place

　　option –n. a choice that can be made

　　upstream –adj. the area nearer to the source of a river or stream

　　tainted –adj. containing something that should not be there

　　drought –n. an extended¹⁹ period of lower-than-normal rainfall for the climate of a place

　　drain¹² –v. to have something flow away or disappear from where it normally²⁰ is

　　seep –v. to slowly flow down into the group