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SCIENCE IN THE NEWS #2122 - Digest

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14 科技新闻摘要(三)

DATE=5-1-01
TITLE=SCIENCE IN THE NEWS #2122 - Digest
BYLINE=Staff

VOICE ONE:
This is Bob Doughty1.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Sarah Long with Science in the News, a VOA Special English program about recent developments in science.  Today, we tell about a new (1) genetic3 treatment for Alzheimer's disease4.  We tell about the discovery of stem5 cells in fat.  And we tell about the (2)decrease in the number of giant pandas at the Wolong Nature (3)Reserve in China. 
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
Doctors have placed genetically6 changed cells into the brain of a woman with Alzheimer's disease.  They operated on the sixty-year-old woman in a hospital in California. The patient was showing early signs of Alzheimer's.  This (4)experimental operation was an effort to (5)control or stop the (6)destruction of brain cells caused by the disease. 
Alzheimer's disease affects millions of people around the world. It damages and destroys cells in many areas of the brain.   It slowly robs its (7) victims of intelligence and the ability to remember.  As it progresses people can no longer care for themselves. There is no cure. 
VOICE TWO:
Mark Tuszynski of the University of California at San Diego developed the new treatment.  He says it is the first genetic (8) treatment for a disease that destroys brain tissue7.  Doctor Tuszynski developed the treatment to increase the effectiveness of a brain chemical called acetylcholine.  This chemical is known to fight the brain damage caused by Alzheimer's disease.  
Doctors took healthy skin cells from the patient.  They added specially8 treated genes9 to the cells.  These cells were designed to produce a protein called (9)nerve10 growth factor. Nerve growth factor helps normal brain cells survive and grow.  Doctors then placed the genetically changed cells into five areas deep in the right side of the patient's brain. The cells are meant to release11 nerve growth factor into (10)surrounding areas of the brain.
VOICE ONE:
Hoi Sang U led the team of doctors who operated on the patient.  She was treated to prevent pain during the eleven-hour (11)operation. This permitted her to stay awake so the doctors could observe her reactions as they operated.
 Doctor Tuszynski says it may be years before they know if the genetic treatment helped this patient. He says placing the genetically changed cells into a damaged brain probably cannot cure the disease.  But he says it may help delay the progress of the disease and improve the (12) quality of life. Doctors say they will perform the gene2 (13) therapy12 treatment on seven more patients if the first patient shows no bad effects.  
VOICE TWO:
Doctor Tuszynski performed research on rats and monkeys for years before testing his treatment on a person.   His studies in animals showed the nerve growth factor could help keep some special brain cells healthy.  These cholinergic cells are among several kinds of brain cells that Alzheimer's disease destroys. These brain cells are especially important because they help people learn and remember.  Cholinergic cells contain the (14) acetylcholine that helps protect normal brain cells. 
Doctor Tuszynski received permission from two government agencies13 to treat Alzheimer's disease patients.  The Food and Drug Administration14 and a committee of the National Institutes of Health approved his research in Nineteen-Ninety-Nine.  The F-D-A still must say the process is safe for humans before permitting its effectiveness to be measured. 
VOICE ONE:
Some scientists fear the treatment is not safe.  They say genetically changed cells might poison the brain or produce a (15)tumor.  Or the treatment might cause bleeding in the brain. Earlier tests of nerve growth factor in humans reportedly have caused such problems. 
However, these processes were not done by (16)operation. Doctor Tuszynski says he believes his studies have shown this treatment will not produce harmful results.  He believes the genetic treatment for Alzheimer's disease can succeed. 
 ((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
You are listening to the Special English program SCIENCE IN THE NEWS on VOA.  This is Sarah Long with Bob Doughty in Washington.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
American medical researchers say they have discovered stem cells in human fat for the first time.  Stem cells are able to develop into other kinds of cells, including nerve, bone and muscle cells.
Scientists have been studying the use of stem cells to treat and possibly cure many diseases15.  These stem cells have the power to grow into new heart muscle for people with heart disease.  Or the stem cells can become new insulin-producing cells for people suffering (17)diabetes. 
Researchers have collected stem cells from the brain, bones and (18) fetal tissue from unborn babies.  Getting these stem cells for research purposes is difficult.  And many people are opposed to using fetal tissue for research. The new discovery means that it might be easier to get stem cells for research and treatment of diseases.
VOICE ONE:
Researchers from the University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Pittsburgh carried out the study. The researchers took fat from the stomachs and legs of healthy adults in an operation known as liposuction.  About six- hundred- thousand such operations are done in the United States every year.  People choose to have liposuction to remove unwanted body fat. 
The researchers treated the fat with a substance that separated out the stem cells.  They found that about two- hundred grams of fat could produce as many as fifty- million to one- hundred- million stem-like cells. Then they used different chemicals to change those cells into bone cells, (19) cartilage cells and muscle cells.
VOICE TWO:
This is the first study to show that a person's own stem cells in fat might someday be used to treat disease or repair injured body parts.  This would solve the problems of (20)rejection by the body because no foreign tissue would be used.  Scientists are working to confirm the findings16 of this experiment.  They are testing the stem cells in animals. If this is successful, researchers say human testing could begin in about five years. 
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
A new report says human activities are harming the Wolong Nature Reserve, China's largest protected area for giant pandas.  The report says the environment in the nature reserve is being destroyed quicker than in other parts of China that are not protected. This is causing a decrease in the panda population in the nature reserve. Giant pandas are becoming increasingly17 rare in the wild.  Only about one- thousand of the animals live in the mountains of southwestern China.
VOICE TWO:
Chinese officials established Wolong Nature Reserve in Nineteen-Seventy-Five.  It covers two- hundred-t housand hectares of land in Sichuan Province. However, the number of pandas in Wolong has decreased since the reserve was created.  The research team says there were one- hundred- forty- five pandas in the reserve in Nineteen-Seventy-Four.  Twelve years later, the panda population fell to seventy-two.  The team says the number probably is even smaller today.
Giant pandas live in mountain areas where there are plenty of forests. They eat mainly (21) bamboo plants. The researchers compared the rates of change in Wolong's forests and environment before and after the reserve opened.  They examined satellite images taken since Nineteen-Sixty-Five.
VOICE ONE:
The researchers found that humans have taken control of large parts of Wolong.  Jianguo Liu of Michigan State University led the study.  He says human settlements have grown in the reserve, mainly because it has so many visitors. The human population has increased by seventy percent since the reserve was created. The people are cutting more trees for fuel and other uses. This has destroyed areas where pandas live. 
Mister18 Liu's team says the best hope for Wolong is to improve education for the young people who live there. Then they can get jobs and move to other parts of China. 
A panda expert at the World Wildlife Fund19 says China has more than thirty other protected areas for giant pandas.  Most of them are not threatened by human activities. And she says panda protection is becoming very important in China.
 ((THEME))
VOICE TWO:
This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS program was written by Jerilyn Watson, Nancy Steinbach and George Grow. It was produced by George Grow. This is Sarah Long.
VOICE ONE:
And this is Bob Doughty.  Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.

注释:
(1) genetic[ dVi5netik ]adj.遗传的, 起源的
(2) decrease[ di:5kri:s ]n.减少, 减少之量v.减少
(3) reserve[ ri5zE:v ]n.储备(物), 储藏量v.储备, 保存
(4) experimental [ eks7peri5mentl ]adj.实验的, 根据实验的
(5) control[kEn5trol]n.控制, 支配v.控制, 支配
(6) destruction[ dis5trQkFEn ]n.破坏, 毁灭
(7) victim[ 5viktim ]n.受害人, 牺牲者
(8) treatment[ 5tri:tmEnt ]n.待遇, 对待
(9) nerve[ nE:v ]n.神经, 胆量v.鼓起勇气
(10) surrounding[ sE5raundiN ]n.围绕物, 环境adj.周围的
(11) operation[ 7CpE5reiFEn ]n.运转, 操作
(12) quality[ 5kwCliti ]n.质量, 品质
(13) therapy[ 5WerEpi ]n.治疗
(14) acetylcholine[ E7si:tEl5kEulin ]n.[化]乙酰胆碱
(15) tumor[ 5tju:mE ]n.瘤
(16) operation[ 7CpE5reiFEn ]n.运转, 操作
(17) diabetes[ 7daiE5bi:ti:z, -ti:s ]n.[医] 糖尿病, 多尿症
(18) fetal[ 5fi:tl ]adj.胎儿的, 胎的
(19) cartilage[ 5kB:tilidV ]n.[解剖]软骨
(20) rejection[ ri5dVekFEn ]n.拒绝
(21) bamboo[ bAm5bu: ]n.竹子


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1 doughty Jk5zg     
adj.勇猛的,坚强的
参考例句:
  • Most of successful men have the characteristics of contumacy and doughty.绝大多数成功人士都有共同的特质:脾气倔强,性格刚强。
  • The doughty old man battled his illness with fierce determination.坚强的老人用巨大毅力与疾病作斗争。
2 gene WgKxx     
n.遗传因子,基因
参考例句:
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
3 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
4 disease etMxx     
n.疾病,弊端
参考例句:
  • The doctors are trying to stamp out the disease.医生正在尽力消灭这种疾病。
  • He fought against the disease for a long time.他同疾病做了长时间的斗争。
5 stem ZGrz8     
n.茎,干,船首,词干,血统;vt.堵住,阻止,抽去梗;vi.起源于,发生
参考例句:
  • Cut the stem cleanly,just beneath a leaf joint.把茎切整齐点,正好切在叶根下。
  • The ship was in a blaze from stem to stern.整艘船从头到尾都着火了。
6 genetically Lgixo     
adv.遗传上
参考例句:
  • All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
  • Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物
7 tissue bJmzs     
n.组织;薄纱,薄纸,手巾纸
参考例句:
  • As we age we lose muscle tissue.肌肉组织会随着我们日趋衰老而萎缩。
  • Athletes have hardly any fatty tissue.运动员几乎没有什么脂肪组织。
8 specially Hviwq     
adv.特定地;特殊地;明确地
参考例句:
  • They are specially packaged so that they stack easily.它们经过特别包装以便于堆放。
  • The machine was designed specially for demolishing old buildings.这种机器是专为拆毁旧楼房而设计的。
9 genes 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
10 nerve Q1lyX     
n.神经;勇气,胆量,沉着,果断
参考例句:
  • Did he have the nerve to say that?他竟有脸说这话吗?
  • He never got up enough nerve to meet me.他从没有足够的胆量来见我。
11 release iVhxh     
vt.发布,发表,发行;释放,放开
参考例句:
  • After my examination I had a feeling of release.考完试后我有如释重负之感。
  • This medicine will give you release from pain.这药吃后会解除你的疼痛。
12 therapy 7IizM     
n.治疗;疗法
参考例句:
  • The doctor said she should be given a physical therapy.医生说她应该进行理疗。
  • She will need to have the therapy repeated every few months.她将需要每隔几个月就进行一次治疗。
13 agencies 0e418dcec84ec1fd8f830787bb2c3325     
n.代理( agency的名词复数 );服务机构;(政府的)专门机构;代理(或经销)业务(或关系)
参考例句:
  • There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations. 联合国有许多专门机构。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The project is funded by the World Bank and other multilateral agencies. 这项计划由世界银行和其他多国机构资助。 来自《简明英汉词典》
14 administration mJLyZ     
n.经营,管理;行政,行政机关,管理部门
参考例句:
  • Who is in charge of the administration of your company?你们公司的行政工作由谁负责?
  • The teachers are responsible to the school administration.教师向学校行政负责。
15 diseases 5c749da591474dd5c2c7f1d77b874f5d     
n.疾病( disease的名词复数 );弊端;恶疾;痼疾
参考例句:
  • Smoking is a causative factor in several major diseases. 抽烟是引起几种严重疾病的病因。
  • The illness frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. 这种病往往与其他慢性病同时存在。
16 findings 4tYzV9     
n.发现物( finding的名词复数 );调查(或研究)的结果;(陪审团的)裁决
参考例句:
  • It behoves us to study these findings carefully. 我们理应认真研究这些发现。
  • Their findings have been widely disseminated . 他们的研究成果已经广为传播。
17 increasingly z8ix8     
adv.逐渐地,日益地,逐渐增加地
参考例句:
  • Rivers are being increasingly made use of by man. 河流正在日益为人类所利用。
  • I find it increasingly difficult to live within my income.我发现靠收入过日子越来越难了。
18 mister rnQzwB     
n.(略作Mr.全称很少用于书面)先生
参考例句:
  • Mister Smith is my good friend.史密斯先生是我的好朋友。
  • He styled himself " Mister Clean ".他自称是“清廉先生”。
19 fund vhUx8     
n.基金,资金,存款,财源,贮藏;vt.提供资金,积累
参考例句:
  • They decided to set up a fund for this purpose.他们决定为此专立一项基金。
  • This fund may not be drawn on without permission.这笔钱非经批准不得动用。

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