VOA慢速英语 2008 1224b

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Norman Borlaug

Our first person who is making a difference is known around the world. He is often described as the man who has saved more lives than any other person in history. Norman Borlaug is considered the father of what has been called the Green Revolution. His ideas about agriculture increased crop production and ended hunger in many nations. Mister Borlaug continues to be a leader among agricultural researchers.

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Norman Borlaug was born ninety-four years ago on a farm in the American state of Iowa. In the middle of the twentieth century, world population was expanding faster than food production. Experts said many people in developing countries would face starvation.

Norman Borlaug was an agricultural researcher at the International Maize² and Wheat Improvement Center in Mexico. He developed methods of growing wheat that increased the amount harvested by three times. He later repeated this success in India, Pakistan and Africa.

His methods of farming saved millions of people who would have starved to death. Norman Borlaug was given the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in nineteen seventy.

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Julie Borlaug

Mister Borlaug is still urging experts to think about the needs of people around the world. His latest concern is a disease in wheat called UG ninety-nine. He says it has the power to destroy most of the wheat being grown around the world. He says reductions in agricultural programs have made it harder to take action against such threats.

Mister Borlaug's granddaughter Julie works at the center named for him at Texas A&M University in Dallas. She says his worry about food problems rises from the belief that hunger is unacceptable. She says Norman Borlaug still believes it is our responsibility as human beings to feed one another.

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Our next individual who is making a difference has come a long way from living in homeless shelters and the streets of Newark, New Jersey³. Twenty-five year old Rahfeal Gordon was honored this year by the National Foundation for Teaching Entrepreneurship⁴. He was recognized for giving speeches that urge young people to improve their lives.

Mister Gordon tells people: "If nobody ever says that you're brilliant, say it to yourself every day. Look yourself in the mirror. If you have survived something, I don't care how small, how big, you've survived it."

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Rahfeal Gordon

Rahfeal Gordon's message is simple: He tells the story of his own life in three parts. Each begins with words from hip-hop songs that he knows will be meaningful to young people.

Mister Gordon uses words from hip-hop songs to help young people, especially those who grew up with poverty and abuse, as he did. His speech is called "Hip-Hop Saved My Life."

Mister Gordon says he listened to performers like Jay-Z, Tupac Shakur and Kanya West during hard times in his life. He says their songs helped him.

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Mister Gordon says he had a happy childhood until his parents became dependent on drugs. Then his father began to beat his wife and sons. So they left home, and lived on the streets and in homeless shelters. He says his grandparents helped him survive.

After his brother was murdered, Rahfeal Gordon decided⁵ he wanted to help people. "I can't be Superman," he says. "I can't save the world, but I think if I can help an individual, I am saving the world."

Mister Gordon says he hopes to speak to young people across the United States and in other countries. This year, he received an award for social entrepreneurship from the National Foundation for Teaching Entrepreneurship. The award recognizes young people who start businesses that help people or communities.

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Lolan Sipan

Our next individual making a difference is Lolan Sipan, a Kurdish anthropologist⁶ in northern Iraq. Anthropologists study human cultures and societies. Mister Sipan is working to save the traditions of Kurdistan's nomadic⁷ shepherds.

The nomadic tribes⁸ live in the mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan as they have for thousands of years. The shepherds travel from place to place and raise sheep. For months at a time, they live in temporary shelters in the highlands, caring for the animals. Not much is known about the lives of the shepherds. But Lolan Sipan wants to change that.

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Lolan Sipan is attempting to gather information about the number of tribes and the number of families. He also wants to learn about the lives of the women and children, and the tribes' struggle for survival⁹.

Each summer, Mister Sipan travels to where the shepherds live. Life is not as peaceful as it appears because of Turkish and Iranian military threats. For example, Mister Sipan found an unexploded bomb in one area.

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Life is also not easy for the nomadic shepherds. One woman told him about the danger and high costs of caring for sheep. The woman makes traditional cheese from sheep's milk. But she earns little money from selling the cheese.

Mister Sipan has asked United Nations agencies and government officials to help the nomads¹⁰ in Kurdistan. He says their culture would disappear within years if nothing is done soon. He says fifty percent of Kurdistan's nomads have permanently¹¹ settled in villages in the past ten years.

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Lolan Sipan is showing a traditional nomadic home, a black tent made of goats' hair. The tent is in the Iraqi city of Irbil, on the top of a museum.

Mister Sipan started the museum four years ago to show the nomads' traditional arts and crafts, including weaving with cloth. He says more people come to the museum each year. There were almost fifty thousand visitors in two thousand seven.

Earlier this year, Mister Sipan received money from the United States to help support traditional arts. Older nomadic tribeswomen are now passing their sewing and weaving skills to a new generation of women.

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Our next individual, Rangina Hamidi, was born in Afghanistan. Her family left Kandahar when she was a young child and later settled in the United States. This was after the Soviet¹² Union invaded her country. The Taliban rule that followed the Soviet occupation made life terrible for women in Afghanistan. Women still face difficult problems even after the ouster of the Taliban government.

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Rangina Hamidi

Miz Hamidi returned to Afghanistan seven years ago to help improve the lives of women in Kandahar. She is working with a non-profit organization, Afghans for Civil Society. The goal is to help Afghan women learn skills that will give them economic independence. The first goal was starting an independent radio station in Kandahar. The next was an economic project.

Women in the project make hand-sewn embroidery¹³ products. The project started with only twenty women and grew to four hundred fifty women in five years. Local activists¹⁴ also established a Women's Council in Kandahar. Many activists say they are working to increase women's rights and chances for success.

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Rangina Hamidi started a company that sells the women's embroidery pieces in the international market. The company is called Kanadahar Treasures. She says she will give it to the Afghan women when the company becomes successful. Miz Hamidi says she still worries about the future of Afghanistan. She says Afghans must take their own share of responsibility in their country.

Rangina Hamidi and the Afghan women she works with face problems every day. These include power shortages¹⁵, lack of clean water, rising corruption¹⁶ and danger from resistance fighters. But she looks forward to increasing her involvement in the rebuilding of her homeland in the future.

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This program was written by VOA correspondents¹⁷ and adapted by Shelley Gollust. Our producer was Mario Ritter. I'm Barbara Klein.

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And I'm Steve Ember. You can find stories about other people who are making a difference on our Web site, voaspecialenglish.com. Join us again next week for EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English.