SCIENCE REPORT - Bird Brains

（单词翻译）

SCIENCE REPORT
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March 6, 2002: Bird Brains

By George Grow

This is the VOA Special English Science Report.

American scientists have found that some birds are more intelligent than experts had believed. The scientists say
birds have abilities that involve communication and different kinds of memory. In some unusual cases, their
abilities seem better than those of humans.

The findings¹ were presented at the yearly² meeting of the American Association³ for the Advancement⁴ of Science.
The scientists met for six days last month in Boston, Massachusetts.

Irene Pepperberg presented her research about a Grey parrot named Griffin. He lives in her laboratory⁵ at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.

Mizz Pepperberg says Griffin can arrange objects in order of size. She says the
talking bird also can combine words in the right order. For example, he will
combine words when asking for a piece of food.

The researcher says experts had thought that only humans and other mammals with
large brains have the ability to combine objects and words. She believes that bird
brains have the ability to understand that complex tasks must be done in the correct
order.

Some birds have other memory skills. For example, they collect and store thousands
of seeds in autumn, and find them later in winter.

Alan Kamil (pronounced camel) and Alan Bond⁶ of the University of Nebraska are studying the memories of birds
called jays and nutcrackers. Their experiments suggest that these birds use natural objects to find the seeds they
have stored. They found the birds use at least three objects, such as rocks or trees, to find the stored seeds.

Mister⁷ Kamil also was able to train a jay to choose one object instead of another. The bird used
this skill to receive a prize, such as food. Scientists also say some birds can learn as many as
two-thousand different songs. They say songs may have developed as a way for birds to
communicate with other birds.

Verner Bingman of Bowling⁸ Green State University in Ohio also presented research at the
science meeting in Boston. Mister Bingman believes that birds must have a special guidance
system in their brain. He says that understanding how a bird’s brain operates may help us Blue jay
better understand how a human brain processes information. (A first-class stamp

now costs 34
cents)

This VOA Special English Science Report was written by George Grow.

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Irene Pepperberg with Alex,
Griffin and Arthur