VOA标准英语2010年-Good Bye to a Nostalgic Musical Artifa

（单词翻译）

This girl did not have to anything but watch the piano roll turn on her player piano at her home in New Jersey¹ in 1940.

Not long ago, the daily newspaper in Buffalo², New York, ran a story under the headline, The Day the Music Died.  Not all music, but music of a most unusual sort. 

More than a century ago, the piano was a status symbol in every respectable American parlor³.  It was the home entertainment center before radio and phonographic records came along.  But a pianist was not always handy, so mechanical pianos, called pianolas or player pianos, took their place. 

IceCreamMan, Flickr Creative Commons
This fellow is winding⁴ (or unwinding) a piano roll. The punched holes engage sprockets in a player piano that, in turn, connect to the strings⁵ that play the corresponding note.

We mentioned player pianos briefly⁶ recently in a story about the musician Scott Joplin and his invention of ragtime⁷ music in Sedalia, Missouri. 

As the name suggests, player pianos almost played themselves, using something called piano rolls. Even someone who knew nothing about music could pump the pedals on the instrument.

Pressure from the pedals turned rolls of stiff paper into which little perforations were punched in many as 88 locations along a line. That matches the number of keys on the piano keyboard.

The holes passed over sprockets that caused hammers inside the pianola to strike the piano wires.

And the vibrating wires produced music, much as they would in a standard piano. 

Sometimes the player piano's mechanism⁸ could be rigged so that it also depressed⁹ the actual piano keys as if a ghost were sitting on the bench, playing a lively tune¹⁰. 

Coin-operated player pianos called nickelodeons soon appeared in bars, ice-cream parlors¹¹, and poolrooms.

Customers would select a song, drop a coin into a slot and the appropriate piano roll would play the selected song.  

kipbot, Flickr Creative Commons
People who owned player pianos kept boxes and boxes of piano rolls, much as people later collected phonograph records. These were made by a company that recently stopped making piano rolls.

People built libraries of piano rolls, much as they would later amass¹² collections of records and compact discs. But as technology advanced, piano rolls and player pianos became curiosities - musty museum pieces.  

And then a 108-year-old company in Buffalo, New York, called Q-R-S, the world's last mass producer of piano rolls, stopped making them. So that was the day that at least one kind of old-fashioned music did, in fact, die.