Step by Step2000 第二册 unit1 EducatIon Is a Key

（单词翻译）

part 1 warming up

A key words:

1. What kind of student comes to___? The answer to this is, there is no ‘oxford type.’ Common qualities they look for are___, enthusiasm and motivation for youe chosen area of study backed by a strong________.

2. The University of Cambridge is one of the ___universities in the world, and one of the___ in the United Kingdom. It has a worldwide______for outstanding academic achievement and the high quality of____undertaken in a wide range of ____and arts subjects.

3. The University of Sydney was the ___to be estabished in_____and, after almost___of proud achievement, still leads in innovation and quality. The university____in sport and social activities, debating, drama, music and muah more.

4. Known for _____in teaching, research, and service to the community, the University of Victoria serves approximately___students. It is favored by its_____on Canada’s spectacular west coast, in the capital of British Columbia.

5. NewZealand’s ____university, the University of Auckland, was established in_____, and has grown into an international center of learning and academic excellence¹. The University is____in the heart of the cosmopolitan² city if Auckland and provides an exciting and stimulating³ environment for____student..

6. Founded in_____Harvard has a 380-acre urban campus with easy access to Boston. It has a total____of about _____students. This university comprises many different___such as the Faculty⁴ of Arst and Sciences, School of Business Administration and School of Educarion.

7. Columbia University is an independent coeducational university, whidh___master’s, doctoral, professsional, and other advanced____, with an enrollment⁵ of about_____graduate and professional students.

8. Boston University is _____along the banks of the Charles River. With more than 30,000 students from all over the United States and ____countries, it is the _____largest indepent university in the United States.

B

Listen to a passage about the online higher education in the U.S. Supply the missing words.

American universities have been offering classes____through _____for number of years. Now, some newly created colleges are offering____degrees online. One university offers both ______degrees and master’s degrees. Officials say they try to provide students with a_____exprience as well as an educational one. For example, in some progress, groups of the same six studentd______through all their classes together. They communicatied by computer. Another online school uses a______method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes _____instead of reading information.

Students who have taken online classes say they to be a buildiing at a set____to listen to a professor. _____say have better ______with students through_______notes than they do in many_____classes.
 
 
 
 
Educational systems

key words:

primary school secondary school high school

higher education college university

vocabulary:

comprehensive schooL GCSE examination A level

sophomore⁶ provincial⁷ school board diploma certificate

Primary school secondary school permissible⁸ age

entering age entering age to level school

Britain ___________ _____________ _________

USA __________ junior high:_ ________

senior high:_

Australia ___________ intermediate

school:_____ ___________

high school__

Cananda ____________ __________ __________

1.What examonations do British children have to take before they leave secondary school?

2.Who should take "A levels"in Briain?

3.What dose the word"sophomore"mean in the U.S.?

4.What exam do Australian children have to take before they leave high school?

5.what is a musst to Australian children who would like to go to various sorts of higher education?

6.How many years of study are required for university degrees in Canada?

感谢大耳朵网友“piaoranyuanyin”补充听力原文

Part II

D－David M－Michael N－Nicolette

D: (Well,) in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take… er… vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.

M: well, it depends on what state you’re in but… er… most kids in the United States start school at about six… er…when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen… er… starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students… er… will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but… er… most of them stay on to graduate… er… from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen,”in the second they’re called “sophomores,” in the third year… er… we call them “juniors” and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors.” Now … er… a lot of high school graduates… er… then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college… er… which is a two-year course.

N: Well, in Australia, well in most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will start at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school… um… you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate… er… and that is a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entree⁹ into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and form then on you go to various sorts of higher education.

Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.

Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling¹⁰ in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go on to college or university.

Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.

In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for a specific job, they attend college for one to four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training in certain professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.

Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate¹¹ may take a further three to seven years to complete.
 
 
key words:

snob¹² value promotion¹³ a piece of paper ability

rejected

vocabulary:

snob craftsman¹⁴ decent promotion humble¹⁵ colleague reject oblige

1.Educational has acquired ____________________in modern times.

2.Nowadays if we want to get a decent job,we have to_________.

3If we want to get promotion in even a humblest job,we have to__________.

4.Experience and practical skills are regarded as _________.

5."Johnson would've been a manager by now if he'd taken the trouble to_________.

6."He's a clever man,he could've done anything if he'd had_____-.

7.Would it not be better to__________in a way most suited to them rather than___________________,which may offer no opportunity for them to deve;op skiis in which they would've become expert if left to themselves?

MAJOR VIEWPOINTS SUPPORTING IDEAS AND FACTS

Statment Numbers: Statment Numbers:

感谢大耳朵网友“piaoranyuanyin”补充听力原文

Part III

Education has acquired a kind of snob value in modern times. We are no longer content to be honest craftsmen¹⁶ skilled at our work through years of patient practice. Nowadays if we want to get a decent job, we have to have a piece of paper. If we want to get promotion in even a humblest job, we have to obtain a certificate or a diploma first. We may know that we will be better at the job than the man with the paper qualifications, but our experience and practical skills are regarded as relatively¹⁷ unimportant. “Johnson would’ve been a manager by now if he’d taken the trouble to get a degree,” his colleagues say. “He’s a clever man, he could’ve done anything if he’d had a proper education.” I wonder if, as time goes on, we should discover that many people whose practical experience and ability would have been enormously useful to their employers have been rejected on the ground that they are insufficiently¹⁸ qualified¹⁹. Would it not be better to allow people to become expert in a way most suited to them rather than oblige them to follow a set course of instruction, which may offer no opportunity for them to develop skills in which they would’ve become expert if left to themselves?
 
 
Thinking Ahead of the Speaker—Anticipation Helps

Listening is an extremely complex______. In his book Principles and Implications of Cognitive²⁰ Psychology²¹, Neisser defines listening as a “temporally ______ activity” in which the listener” _______ develops more or less _________for what will come next.” In other words, an effective listener is __________ hypothesis in his mind, and also, he is _________his hypothesis by matching it with_______. If he hears what he has expected, he receives the information. But if what he hears is totally________, he fails to _______.

The skill to anticipate what is coming in listening comprehension depends largely on the listener’s _______ with the theme of message. It also depends on the listener’s _______ of the speaker as well as ______.

Obviously, when we listen to something that we ____ have some information about, it is generally a lot easier for us to _______ the new information. Therefore, _________ seems to have a big role to play in enhancing listening comprehension. Before actual listening, we could perhaps first ________the topic, discuss it with others, read some ________ and do some _______. If we could make ourselves ______ for the forthcoming talks or lectures, we are more likely to become effective listeners.

Of course, readiness beforehand is not at all enough. _______ must take place all the way through. In fact, we should always try to think ______the speaker. The ability to anticipate helps us in ________guesswork. It does not only enable us to ________ what a person is going to talk about in a certain situation, but also, interestingly enough, sometimes even______ what a person’s _______is going to be in a discussion.

Thinking Ahead of the Speaker—Anticipation Helps

Listening is an extremely complex communicative activity. In his book Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology, Neisser defines listening as a “temporally extended activity” in which the listener” continuously develops more or less specific readiness for what will come next.” In other words, an effective listener is constantly setting up hypothesis in his mind, and also, he is constantly testing his hypothesis by matching it with what he has heard in reality. If he hears what he has expected, he receives the information. But if what he hears is totally out of his expectation, he fails to get the message.

The skill to anticipate what is coming in listening comprehension depends largely on the listener’s familiarity with the theme of message. It also depends on the listener’s knowledge of the speaker as well as the setting.

Obviously, when we listen to something that we already have some information about, it is generally a lot easier for us to take in the new information. Therefore, pre-listening preparation seems to have a big role to play in enhancing listening comprehension. Before actual listening, we could perhaps first give some thought to the topic, discuss it with others, read some related materials and do some vocabulary work. If we could make ourselves fully²² oriented for the forthcoming talks or lectures, we are more likely to become effective listeners.

Of course, readiness beforehand is not at all enough. Active thinking must take place all the way through. In fact, we should always try to think ahead of the speaker. The ability to anticipate helps us in logical and intelligent guesswork. It does not only enable us to know generally what a person is going to talk about in a certain situation, but also, interestingly enough, sometimes even exactly what a person’s next utterance²³ is going to be in a discussion.