Step by Step2000 第二册UnIt 7 For the Glory of Sport(Ⅰ)

（单词翻译）

Tape-script:

Part I Warming up

A

.Women competed in Olympic events for the first time in Paris in 1900.

.In 1924, the first Winter Games were held in Chamonix.

.In 1932, the first Olympic village was built to accommodate² athletes in Los Angeles.

.In 1936 in Berlin TV cameras broadcast Olympic events for the first time.

.The 1956 Olympics in Melbourne were the first Olympic Games to be held in the southern hemisphere³.

.Tokyo hosted the first Asian Olympics in 1964.

.In 1972 for the first time, over one billion TV viewers watched the Munich Olympic opening ceremony.

B.

Tapescript.

IOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents -- Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six years in advance.

All the Olympic movement's rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter⁴.

There's an Olympic Museum and Studies Center in Lausanne. It contains posters, documents, medals, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.

The International Olympic Academy is a special center at Olympia in Greece. People involved in sport go there every summer to study the Olympic movement's history, ideals and future.

C.

Q1 Why are they called "the Olympic Games"?

first held/Olympia/Greece

Q2 How long do the Summer Games last?

Approx. 2 weeks

Q3 There are Winter Games too, aren't there?

1924/ since then/ same years/ Summer/ after 1992/ between

Q4 What do the five circles on the Olympic flag represent?

five continents/ blue, black, red, yellow, green, white/ national flag

Q5 When did the tradition of the Olympic flame begin?

flame/ancient Games/modern Games/1928/symbol/-perfection⁵ & victory/Olympia

Q6 All Olympic athletes have to be amateurs⁶, don't they?

yes/no money/only medals

Q7 What happens at the Opening Ceremony?

display/ host country/ flame lit/ flag raised/ Olympic oaths/opened by monarch⁷ or political leader

Q8 What's the motto of the Olympic movement?

faster, higher, stronger

Tapescript.

Q1 Why are they called "the Olympic Games"?

Because they were first held at a place called Olympia in

ancient Greece (until 393 AD). There have been two

Olympic eras -- ancient and modern. The modern era began

in 1896.

Q2 How long do the Summer Games last?

Approximately two weeks.

Q3 There are Winter Games too, aren't there?

Yes. They began in 1924. Since then they had always been

held in the same years as the Summer Games. After 1992,

they took place between Summer Games.

Q4 What do the five circles on the Olympic flag represent?

They stand for the five continents. Each circle is a different color- blue, black, red, yellow and green (all against a white background). Every national flag in the world contains one or more of these six colors.

Q5 When did the tradition of the Olympic flame begin?

There was always a flame at the ancient Games, but it wasn't included in modern Games until 1928 (in Amsterdam). The flame is a symbol of a search for perfection and victory. It's lit at Olympia from the rays of the sun. Then it's carried to the Games by a series of runners (or sometimes by air for part of the journey). It burns in the stadium from start to finish at every Olympics.

Q6 All Olympic athletes have to be amateurs, don't they? Yes. Nobody wins any money -- only medals. That's because the most important thing at the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part.

Q7 What happens at the Opening Ceremony?

There's a huge display of song, dance and music by people from the host country.

The flame is lit.

The Olympic flag is raised and one athlete says these words: "In the name of all competitors, I promise that we will take part in the Olympic Games, respecting and abiding⁸ by the rules which govern them, in the spirit of sportsmanship for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams. '

The Games are officially opened by the host country's monarch or political leader.

Q8 What's the motto of the Olympic movement?

"Citius, altius, fortius' which is Latin for "Faster, higher, stronger. '

Part II Sydney 2000

Tape-script:

A

The world's most famous sports event is the Olympic Games. Five million people are expected to attend the Summer Olympic Games this year in Sydney, Australia. They include leaders and officials from many countries. About 15,000 reporters are there. More than 3,000 million people are expected to watch the Games on television.

More than 10,000 athletes from 200 countries will compete in 28 different sports in the Summer Games. They will be trying to win medals -- gold for first, silver for second and bronze for third -- in about 300 events. New additions to the Summer Olympics this year include synchronized⁹ diving, women's weight lifting, trampoline, women's pole vault¹⁰ and the triathlon.

The 2000 Summer Olympic Games will end October 1st, after 16 days of competition. The next Summer Games will be held 4 years from now, in Athens, Greece.

Another international sports event will take place in Sydney following the Summer Olympics. The Paralympic Games will be held from October 18th to 29th. All the athletes who compete in the Paralympics have a physical disability. About 4,000 disabled athletes will compete this year.

The Summer Olympic and the Winter Olympic Games used to be held in the same year, every 4 years. Now, however, they are separated. The next Winter Games are less than 2 years away. The western American city of Salt Lake City, Utah is busy preparing for the Winter Olympics of 2002.

B

Tapescript.

Three members of the same American family will compete in Sydney. Hazel Clark, Jearl Miller-Clark and Joetta ClarkDiggs are all members of the track and field team. Hazel and Joetta are sisters. Jearl is married to their brother, J.J. Clark. He is the coach for all three women.

It is unusual for members of the same family to compete in the Olympics. But it has been done. Jackie Joyner-Kersee and her brother's wife Florence Griffith Joyner both competed in past Olympics. But they did not compete in the same event.

The Clarks do. They all compete in the 800 meter women's foot race. Hazel Clark is the youngest in the Clark family of runners. She was the fastest in the Olympic trials. Her brother's wife, Jearl Miller-Clark, was second. Jearl has already won medals in two earlier Olympic Games. Joetta Clark-Diggs finished third. She is the oldest, at thirty-seven.

That was the first time three family members finished first, second and third in the same United States Olympic trials race. And this will be the first time three Americans competing in one Olympic race are from one family. Many people will be watching the 800 meter race to see if the three members of the Clark family can win all three medals.

One American athlete who will compete in the Summer Olympics is already a Paralympics champion. Her name is Maria Runyan. She won the 100, 200 and 400 meter races and the long jump at the 1992 Paralympics. She also won the pentathlon competition in 1996. This year, she will become the first legally blind athlete in the Summer Olympic Games.

Marla Runyan suffers from an incurable¹¹ eye problem. She has been legally blind since she was nine years old. She has been taking part in track events since she was in high school.

Maria Runyan will compete in the women's 1,500 meter foot race at the Sydney Games. She says her goal was not to be the first legally blind Olympian. She just wanted to take part in the Olympics. But her story has helped other disabled people find the strength to try to reach their goals. And Maria Runyan says that makes her feel very good.

Statements:

1. The Clark family is the first American family of which three members will compete in one Olympic race.

2. Hazel Clark is the faster in the Clark family of runners. She has already won medals in earlier Olympic events.

3. Maria Runyan will be the first legally blind athlete in the Summer Olympic Games.

4. Maria Runyan will take part in the women's long jump and 1,500 meter foot race at the Sydney Olympic Games.

5. Many disabled people are greatly encouraged by Maria Runyan's story.

Part III News from the Olympics

A

Fighting Against Drug Use

Punishment for those using drugs:

before an event -- banned from the competition

after winning an event -- losing the medal

Measurements taken by IOC to intensify¹² the campaign:

testing more Olympic athletes more often than ever

Difficulty in finding the drugs:

drugs -- leaving the body in just a few hours

increased urine production hiding the presence of banned drugs

Examples of some banned drugs:

Possible dangers mused¹³ by banned drugs:

thickening the blood

causing an enlarged heart

damaging the reproductive system

causing death

Tapescript:

Over the next two weeks, 10,000 athletes from 200 countries will compete in the Summer Games in Sydney, Australia. They will try to live by the Olympic saying, "Faster, higher, stronger.' But in the world of sports, experts say too many athletes use performance - improving drugs to reach these goals.

The International Olympic Committee says drug use risks the health of athletes and violates¹⁴ the rules of sport. If an athlete fails a drug test before an event, he or she is banned from the competition. Athletes who fail a test after winning an event lose their medals.

This year, the IOC says it is testing more Olympic athletes more often than ever.

The International Olympic Committee bans six kinds of substances and three methods of increasing performance. One group of banned drugs is anabolic steroids. These substances increase muscle strength. Experts say that some fast-acting steroids now leave the body in just a few hours. That makes them extremely difficult to find.

Another banned drug is known as EPO. Erythropoietin increases the production of red blood cells. Officials at the Sydney Olympics are testing for EPO for the first time this year. But experts say the officials may not find any if an athlete stopped taking the drug about a week before the Games began.

Another banned substance is human growth hormone¹⁵, which builds muscle size and strength. Others increase the production of red blood cells. They also increase urine production, which can hide the presence of banned drugs.

Many of these banned substances are dangerous. They can thicken the blood, cause an enlarged heart, or damage the reproductive system. They can even kill.

B.

Tapescript:

The Olympics in Sydney, Australia, is being called the first environmentally-friendly Games in history. Olympic organizers and environmental groups are trying to protect the environment during the Summer Games. Organizers say they hope these environmental efforts will be an example for other large sporting events.

Seven years ago, Sydney competed with other cities to hold the Olympics. Sydney won the Games.

Olympic organizers have reached many of their goals. They are saving energy by increasing the use of solar power. They built structures with materials that can be treated and used again. Half of all water used during the Games comes from rainwater. And people are using buses and modern trains instead of cars to get to the Games. Even the historic¹⁶ Olympic Torch has become cleaner.

Almost 3,000 people are involved in removing waste products 24 hours a day from the area of the games. A large amount of the waste material is being reused. Paper containers for holding food are made of a cornstarch material that breaks down in the environment. This waste will be taken to a giant worm farm to be eaten by worms.

Environmental activists¹⁷ are praising the use of energy from the sun for houses in the Olympic village. Athletes are staying in them during the Games. Organizers say they hope to repeat their environmental efforts at future Olympic Games.

Listen to the following statements you have learned in the previous and present units.Pay special attention to the parts in bold type.Learn to appreciate and use the language.

1.to reduce the spread of(a virus/a disease)

Health experts say washing your hands reduces the spread of viruses and other organisms that cause disease.

Experts say hand washing is the simplest and most effective way to reduce the spread of infectious¹⁸ diseases.

2.to be blamed on...

In assition, millions of food poisoning cases each year are blamed on people who prepare food who do not wash their hands.

The spread of infections often is blamed on health workers who do not wash their hands after treating patients.

3.to have the chance of developing...

Researchers say one out of ten persons in the world has the chance of developing a major depression at some time.

4.to vent¹ one's anger on/upon...

I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody.

Sleepless¹⁹ nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb²⁰ away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon.

5.from start to finish

It burns in the stadium from start to finish at every Olympics.

6.in the name of.../to abide²¹ by.../in the spirit of...

In the name of all competitors, I promise that we will take part in the Olympic Gamesm, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, in the spirit of sportsmanship for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams.

7.to break down in the environment

Paper containers for holding food are made of a cornstarch material that breaks down in the environment.