Step by Step 2000 第二册UnIt 8 For the Glory of Sport(Ⅱ)

（单词翻译）

Part I Warming up

Tape-script:

A

What is the most popular sport in the United States? That may be an impossible question to answer. There are different meanings of the words "most popular."

One way to measure the popularity of a sport is by the number of people who pay to watch it played by professional teams. Experts say the most popular American sport by that measure is baseball. Each professional baseball team plays 162 games every season.

Or the popularity of a sport can be measured by the number of people who watch games on television or listen on the radio. Then the answer might be American football.

And the popularity of a sport could be measured by the number of people who play the sport instead of just watch it. The answer, in this case, is the game people in the United States call soccer. It says more than 18 million people play soccer in the United States.

B

Tapescript:

Right, everybody. Stand up straight. Now bend forward and down to touch your toes- and up -- and down -- and up. Arms by your sides. Raise your right knee as high as you can. Hold your leg with both hands and pull your knee back against your body. Keep your backs straight. Now lower your leg and do the same with your left knee -- up -- pull towards you -- and down. Move your feet further apart,' bend your elbows, and raise your arms to shoulder level. Squeeze your fists tightly in front of your chest. Now push your elbows back- keep your head up! And relax ... Feet together, and put your hands on your hips¹. Now bend your knees and stretch your arms out in front of you. Hold that position -- now up. Stretch your arms out to the sides at shoulder height, palms up. Rotate your arm in small circles- that's right -- and now the other way. Now stand with your hands clasped behind your neck and your legs apart. Bend over to the left, slowly, but as far as you can. And slowly up. And down to the right. And up. OK -- if we're all warmed up now, let's begin!

A.key words:neighbors football match fans trouble large crowds

vocabulary:affectionate/aggressive/knockout /smash/monster/terrace/rugby/Wimbledon

Tapescript:

1.M:I have neighbors who,who are very nice,friendly,warm,affectionate people,and I live near a football ground,Tottenham,and on Saturday I avoid them,because they come back from the match about 6 o'clock,7 o'clock drunk,aggressive--they scream,they shout,and...After the World Cup Fi-,after the World Cup when England got knocked out, I was in my local pub and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses,and I was really frightened and I walked out, and I don't understand, I really don't understand what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monsters.

2.JE:But do you think that's so of a lot of football fans?I mean,I've heard other people say they've gone to football matches and there's been absolutely no trouble in the terraces at all,and people have been...sat there, you know,quite happily,opposing teams next to each other.

J:Oh but it obviously does happen a lot. I mean, you see it on the news.What happens when British fans go to Europe? There's always trouble,isn't there?

M:Well, but it's ,it's not...it's ...In Brazil,for example, where I've also been to football matches,people go to enjoy themselves,and there's no aggression² or violence, or...there's nothing like that.It seems peculiarly, it seems particular to England and a few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to show their most violent, aggressive natures.

3.A:But perhaps it's just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people getting into enclosed spaces together.

J:But large crowds go to other kinds of matches--go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledonto watch tennis...

M:Go to pop concerts...

J:If they go to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.

A:Yes,but it's interesting that one of the solutions that the police have, think might work is to have all-seater matches, for example, where everybody's seated...

B

key words:sport goodwill³ competitive win mimic⁴ warfare⁵ attitude

vocabulary:cricket/inclination⁶/orgy/deduce/utmost/patriotism⁷/disgrace/combative⁸/instinct/mimic/warfare/spectator/absurd/at any rate/virtue⁹

Tapescript;

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common people of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples(the 1936 Olympic Games,for instance) that international sporting contests led to orgies of hatred¹⁰, one could deduce it from general principles.

Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise:but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage¹¹ combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly¹² mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators；and, behind the spectators,of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe--at any rate for short periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

Part III Extracurricular activities

A.

Outline

I. The speaker's self-introduction

A. occupation: a secondary school teacher

B. involvement in extracurricular activities

1. primarily in the sports field

2. supporting many of the other areas

II. Extracurricular activities offered in the school

A. sporting activities

1. an inter-school activity

2. an intramural activity

B. the music program

1. two parts

a. band

b. chorus/choir¹³

2. advantage: good for the students' personal development

3. specialty¹⁴ groups

a. jazz band b. jazz singers

C. other extracurricular activities

1. a math club 2. a science club 3. an annual club 4. a newspaper club 5. an outdoors club 6. a chess club 7. a cooking club

III The reasons why these extracurricular activities are offered

A. helping¹⁵ students fill their time in a positive way

B. helping students build skills which may be used for their future vocation¹⁶

C. providing fun and enjoyment¹⁷

1. for teachers, in sponsoring the activities

2. for students, in participating the activities

B. Tapescript.

It is my pleasure today to tell you a little bit about extracurricular activities at the secondary school level in British Columbia.

I have been teaching in the town of Cotney, a small town of about 10,000 people, 130 miles north of Victoria on Vancouver Island. I've been teaching at the junior secondary level, Grades 7, 8 and 9 and as well (as) the senior secondary level, Grades 10, 11 and 12.

My involvement in extracurricular activities has been quite broad, primarily in the sports field, but also in supporting many of the other areas in the school. But let me get into specifics about what kinds of things are offered in our schools here.

We have two different kinds of sporting activities. One of them is what we call an inter-school activity where one school competes against another. And that level of sport is reserved just for the elite¹⁸ athletes of the school, the very good athletes. We also have an intramural program, which means within the walls of the school so that every student in the school is invited to participate. It is, it's focused largely on participation¹⁹ and many of our students do participate. We have over 60 percent of our student body involved in our intramural program.

But let me not focus just on sports. There is another very large area of extracurricular activity in the music program. The music program is broken into two main parts. One is band and one is chorus. Chorus is also known as choir. But most often we refer to it as chorus. We encourage many students to be involved in music, but it is a choice for them, it isn't compulsory²⁰. But we feel that being involved in music is very good for the personal development of our students, so we encourage it very much. There are some specialty groups as well. There is a jazz band. There are jazz singers.

There are a host of other extracurricular activities. And I'I1 just run through a list... We have a math club in our school, we have a science club, we have an annual club, we have a newspaper club, we have an outdoors club, we have a chess club, and we have a cooking club.

That sums up the list of activities. But I should tell you why we offer these extracurricular activities. Many of our students come to school on buses. Seventy percent of our students travel by bus. Only 30 percent can walk to school that are close enough to walk. They really look for activities to fill their time in a positive way before their bus comes each evening. And sometimes they get to school an hour before classes begin in the morning, so they need to fill their time positively²¹ without just hanging around. And these extracurricular activities help fill that time in a very positive way. As well as filling time, they are actually building skills, the skills which can sometimes be used for their vocation later on. And last but not least is the sheer fun and enjoyment. The teachers have fun sponsoring the activities and the students have fun participating. Extracurricular activities are a very important and enjoyable part of all of our school day.

Statements:

1. There are about 100,000 residents in the town of Cotney. F

2. The speaker only teaches the senior secondary school students. F

3. Only the excellent athletes of the school can take part in the inter-school activities. T

4. All students have to be involved in the music program offered in the school. F

5. Only 30 percent of the students can go to school on foot. T

Part III Extracurricular activities

A.

Outline

I. The speaker's self-introduction

A. occupation: a secondary school teacher

B. involvement in extracurricular activities

1. primarily in the sports field

2. supporting many of the other areas

II. Extracurricular activities offered in the school

A. sporting activities

1. an inter-school activity

2. an intramural activity

B. the music program

1. two parts

a. band

b. chorus/choir

2. advantage: good for the students' personal development

3. specialty groups

a. jazz band b. jazz singers

C. other extracurricular activities

1. a math club 2. a science club 3. an annual club 4. a newspaper club 5. an outdoors club 6. a chess club 7. a cooking club

III The reasons why these extracurricular activities are offered

A. helping students fill their time in a positive way

B. helping students build skills which may be used for their future vocation

C. providing fun and enjoyment

1. for teachers, in sponsoring the activities

2. for students, in participating the activities

B. Tapescript.

It is my pleasure today to tell you a little bit about extracurricular activities at the secondary school level in British Columbia.

I have been teaching in the town of Cotney, a small town of about 10,000 people, 130 miles north of Victoria on Vancouver Island. I've been teaching at the junior secondary level, Grades 7, 8 and 9 and as well (as) the senior secondary level, Grades 10, 11 and 12.

My involvement in extracurricular activities has been quite broad, primarily in the sports field, but also in supporting many of the other areas in the school. But let me get into specifics about what kinds of things are offered in our schools here.

We have two different kinds of sporting activities. One of them is what we call an inter-school activity where one school competes against another. And that level of sport is reserved just for the elite athletes of the school, the very good athletes. We also have an intramural program, which means within the walls of the school so that every student in the school is invited to participate. It is, it's focused largely on participation and many of our students do participate. We have over 60 percent of our student body involved in our intramural program.

But let me not focus just on sports. There is another very large area of extracurricular activity in the music program. The music program is broken into two main parts. One is band and one is chorus. Chorus is also known as choir. But most often we refer to it as chorus. We encourage many students to be involved in music, but it is a choice for them, it isn't compulsory. But we feel that being involved in music is very good for the personal development of our students, so we encourage it very much. There are some specialty groups as well. There is a jazz band. There are jazz singers.

There are a host of other extracurricular activities. And I'I1 just run through a list... We have a math club in our school, we have a science club, we have an annual club, we have a newspaper club, we have an outdoors club, we have a chess club, and we have a cooking club.

That sums up the list of activities. But I should tell you why we offer these extracurricular activities. Many of our students come to school on buses. Seventy percent of our students travel by bus. Only 30 percent can walk to school that are close enough to walk. They really look for activities to fill their time in a positive way before their bus comes each evening. And sometimes they get to school an hour before classes begin in the morning, so they need to fill their time positively without just hanging around. And these extracurricular activities help fill that time in a very positive way. As well as filling time, they are actually building skills, the skills which can sometimes be used for their vocation later on. And last but not least is the sheer fun and enjoyment. The teachers have fun sponsoring the activities and the students have fun participating. Extracurricular activities are a very important and enjoyable part of all of our school day.

Statements:

1. There are about 100,000 residents in the town of Cotney. F

2. The speaker only teaches the senior secondary school students. F

3. Only the excellent athletes of the school can take part in the inter-school activities. T

4. All students have to be involved in the music program offered in the school. F

5. Only 30 percent of the students can go to school on foot. T

Part IV Short talks on listening skills

Represent the Ideas Clear and Clean

-- Outlining

Outlining is a method of classifying and organizing ideas. It is a skill very useful to language learners when they are taking lecture notes, reading, or writing a paper.

In listening, the skill of outlining reflects, to a certain extent, the listener's ability in understanding how the facts or ideas, or the scattered²² pieces of information are related to one another.

People generally use a system of Roman numerals, Arabic numbers, and letters to show relationships. There is a kind of standard form for using these symbols to show which ideas are most important. The symbols used, in order of decreasing importance, are Roman numerals (I. II. HI .... ), capital letters (A. B. C .... ), Arabic numbers (1. 2. 3 .... ), small letters (a. b. c .... ), and numbers in parentheses²³ [(1) (2) (3) ... 3].

The placement of the topics on paper is also important. The most important items are entered farther to the left. Lesser²⁴ items are entered farther and farther to the right. Headings of equal importance are indented²⁵ the same distance from the left margin²⁶. The purpose of this indentation is to make each idea easy to see and also to show just how it is related to the ideas before and after it.

No punctuation²⁷ is needed at the end of an idea unless it is written as a complete sentence.

Outlining, as a fairly comprehensive and effective method in language learning, certainly deserves our attention and practice, particularly for advanced listeners.