With frigid（寒冷的，严寒的） temperatures already blanketing much of the United States, the arrival of the winter solstice（冬至） on December 21 may not be an occasion many people feel like celebrating. But a dazzling（耀眼的） total lunar eclipse to start the day might just raise a few chilled spirits. Early in the morning on December 21 a total lunar eclipse will be visible to sky watchers across North America (for observers in western states the eclipse actually begins late in the evening of December 20), Greenland and Iceland. Viewers in Western Europe will be able to see the beginning stages of the eclipse before moonset（月落） , and in western Asia the later stages of the eclipse will be visible after moonrise.
From beginning to end, the eclipse will last about three hours and twenty-eight minutes. For observers on the east coast of the U.S. the eclipse lasts from 1:33am EST through 5:01 a.m. EST. Viewers on the west coast will be able to tune1 in a bit earlier. For them the eclipse begins at 10:33 p.m. PST on December 20 and lasts until 2:01am PST on Dec. 21. Totality, the time when Earth's shadow completely covers the moon, will last a lengthy2 72 minutes.
While it is merely a coincidence that the eclipse falls on the same date as this year's winter solstice, for eclipse watchers this means that the moon will appear very high in the night sky, as the solstice marks the time when the Earth's axial tilt（轴倾角） is farthest away from the sun.
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth lines up directly between the sun and the moon, blocking the sun's rays and casting a shadow on the moon. As the moon moves deeper and deeper into the Earth's shadow, the moon changes color before your very eyes, turning from gray to an orange or deep shade of red.
The moon takes on this new color because indirect sunlight is still able to pass through Earth's atmosphere and cast a glow on the moon. Our atmosphere filters out most of the blue colored light, leaving the red and orange hues（色调） that we see during a lunar eclipse. Extra particles in the atmosphere, from say a recent volcanic3 eruption4, will cause the moon to appear a darker shade of red.
Unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are perfectly5 safe to view without any special glasses or equipment. All you need is you own two eyes. So take this opportunity to stay up late（熬夜） and watch this stunning6 celestial（天上的，天空的） phenomenon high in the night sky. It will be the last chance for sky watchers in the continental7 U.S. to see a total lunar eclipse until April 15, 2014.
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