人教全日制普通高中英语（必修）高二下16-18

（单词翻译）

[00:02.00]全日制普高英语(必修)高二(下)
[00:03.00]Senior English for China Student's Book 2B
[00:10.21]Unit 16 The United States of America
[00:12.50]第十六单元 美国
[00:14.79]READING THE AMERICAN SOUTH Ever since the Civil War,
[00:17.87]阅读 美国南方 自从美国内战以来,
[00:20.95]the South has struggled to find ways to deal with its troubled past.
[00:23.44]美国南方一直在努力寻 求改变其杂乱的过去的 方法.
[00:25.92]The history of the South is one of suffering:
[00:27.26]南方的历史是苦难 的历史:
[00:28.59]the suffering of the Native Americans who were killed
[00:29.97]那是土着美洲人的苦难
[00:31.35]or driven off their land by European settlers;
[00:32.80]他们被欧洲殖民者杀戮 或驱逐;
[00:34.25]the pains of slaves brought from Africa by greedy slave traders;
[00:36.72]被贪婪的奴隶贩卖者从 非洲带来的奴隶的痛苦
[00:39.18]the death and poverty of the Civil War;
[00:40.83]内战时期的死亡和贫困
[00:42.47]the hardships of unemployment and civil unrest in the post-war years
[00:45.19]战后多年的失业之苦 国内动乱
[00:47.90]and the Great Depression;
[00:48.53]大萧条
[00:49.16]the many sacrifices of the Civil Rights Movement.
[00:51.03]许多人在民权运动中所 作出的牺牲等等.
[00:52.91]The wounds are slow to heal and the scars run deep.
[00:54.92]这些苦难所带来的伤痛 很深很难治愈.
[00:56.92]Even today,the South is far behind the rest of the United States
[00:59.44]直到今天，南方还远远 落后于美国其它地区
[01:01.97]in areas such as education and economic development.
[01:04.07]诸如在教育和经济发展 等领域.
[01:06.17]But the story of the South is also one of hope and success.
[01:08.19]但南方的历史也是充满 希望和成功的历史.
[01:10.22]There are signs that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past.
[01:13.01]有迹象表明一个全新的 与过去不同的南方正逐 步走出黑暗的过去.
[01:15.81]Atlanta, Georgia, is a good example.
[01:17.28]佐治亚州的亚特兰大市 就是很好的例子.
[01:18.75]Like many of its sister cities in the South,
[01:20.24]像南方许多其它姐妹城 市一样,
[01:21.73]Atlanta was burnt down in the Civil War.
[01:23.34]亚特兰大在内战中被烧 毁.
[01:24.94]The city was destroyed and there was no money for reconstruction.
[01:27.19]城市尽毁，也无资金重 建.
[01:29.45]In fact,when the new mayor of Atlanta started working in 1864,
[01:31.99]事实上,当亚特兰大新 市长在1864年任职时
[01:34.54]the city had only $1.64.
[01:36.49]整个城市仅有1.64美元
[01:38.44]The post-war years were hard and the people of Atlanta
[01:40.31]战后的岁月是艰苦的, 亚特兰大人
[01:42.18]struggled to rebuild the city and create a new South
[01:44.08]千辛万苦重建这个城市 并创建了一个新的南方
[01:45.97]where former slaves and slave-owners could live together.
[01:47.83]在这里往日的奴隶和奴 隶主可以生活在一起.
[01:49.68]Atlanta quickly recovered from the destruction caused by the Civil War.
[01:51.72]亚特兰大迅速从内战的 摧残中恢复过来.
[01:53.77]In only five years,
[01:54.68]仅仅5年内,
[01:55.60]most of the city had been rebuilt and Atlanta began to grow again.
[01:57.88]城市的大部分地区得以 重建,亚特兰大又开始 发展了.
[02:00.15]Despite the hardships of the post-war years and the Great Depression
[02:02.37]尽管内战之后和大萧条 时期的岁月很艰苦,
[02:04.59]the people of Atlanta continued to develop the area,
[02:06.48]亚特兰大人仍继续发展 这个城市,
[02:08.37]both economically and socially.
[02:09.67]在经济和社会两方面都 有.
[02:10.97]There were signs that the new Atlanta would be different:
[02:12.64]事实表明新亚特兰大 与以往不同:
[02:14.30]Atlanta's African- American community grew
[02:15.81]亚特兰大的非洲裔美国 人社区有了发展,
[02:17.32]and black businesses became more successful.
[02:18.68]而且黑人的生意越做越 成功.
[02:20.03]It was also in Atlanta
[02:20.95]也是在亚特兰大
[02:21.87]that one of the great leaders of the Civil Rights Movement,
[02:23.57]民权运动的伟大领袖之 一，
[02:25.27]Dr Martin Luther King, Jr, was born.
[02:26.94]马丁·路德·金博士也 是出生在这里.
[02:28.60]Dr King grew up in a city where nearly half the population was black,
[02:31.12]金博士在一个人口几乎 半数是黑人的城市长大
[02:33.64]but where segregation took away many of their rights.
[02:35.50]但那里的隔离制度却剥 夺了黑人的许多权利.
[02:37.35]The injustices in the city and in the South
[02:39.07]这个城市及整个南部的 不公正制度
[02:40.79]led Dr King to organise
[02:41.82]导致金博士组织
[02:42.86]non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation.
[02:45.29]非暴力的示威,目的是 结束种族隔离制度.
[02:47.71]The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites
[02:50.19]这座城市目睹了黑人和 白人之间的一连串激烈 的冲突
[02:52.68]in the 1960s and Dr King was shot and killed in 1968.
[02:55.60]在20世纪60年代 而金博士则于1968年被 枪杀.
[02:58.53]His funeral was shown on television and millions of Americans watched
[03:01.21]他的葬礼在电视上播出 数百万的美国人在电视 上目睹了这一幕
[03:03.88]as people marched through Atlanta in honour of Dr King.
[03:06.08]--人们游行穿过亚特 兰大以纪念金博士的 时候.
[03:08.28]Dr King's efforts were not in vain, however.
[03:09.98]然而金博士的努力没有 白费.
[03:11.68]Segregation even- tually disappeared and a new dawn seemed to arrive.
[03:14.41]隔离制度最终消亡了 一个崭新的黎明似乎即 将到来.
[03:17.15]Slowly but surely,
[03:18.05]逐步地而且肯定地,
[03:18.95]Atlanta was becoming a successlul city proud of its cultural diversity.
[03:21.58]亚特兰大会成为一个以 自己的多元文化为骄傲 的成功的城市.
[03:24.22]In 1996,the city was the host of the Olympic Games,
[03:26.67]1996年，亚特兰大成为 奥运会的举办城市,
[03:29.11]an honour the city shares with great cities such as Sydney and Beijing.
[03:31.54]一种这座城市与悉尼, 北京这样的伟大城市 一起共享的殊荣.
[03:33.97]During the Olympic Games,
[03:34.77]奥运会期间,
[03:35.57]the eyes of the world were on Atlanta
[03:36.89]全世界的目光都聚集 亚特兰大
[03:38.21]and the city was proud to display its new image.
[03:40.05]而亚特兰大也自豪地向 全世界展示自己新的形 象.
[03:41.88]Modern Atlanta is a booming business centre
[03:43.36]现在的亚特兰大迅速成 为美国商业中心
[03:44.83]and the home of some of the largest and most successful companies in America.
[03:47.11]以及美国一些最大的知 名的公司的所在地.
[03:49.38]Like many other Southern cities,
[03:50.57]像其他许多南部城市 一样,
[03:51.75]Atlanta is repre- sentative of the new South,
[03:53.33]亚特兰大是新南方的 代表,
[03:54.92]a place where hope and faith have replaced fear and doubt.
[03:57.48]一个希望和信念代替了 恐惧和怀疑的地方.
[04:00.04]The South still has many problems to deal with,
[04:01.89]美国南方至今仍有许多 问题要处理,
[04:03.75]but the people there are determined to make a new beginning.
[04:05.63]但那里的人民决心有 个新的开始.
[04:07.50]Today, the South is known for its friendly atmosphere,
[04:09.35]现在,南方以其好的氛 围闻名,
[04:11.20]and Atlanta, Birmingham, Miami,
[04:13.00]亚特兰大，伯明翰 迈阿密
[04:14.80]and Little Rock are once again becoming commercial
[04:16.48]小石城又一次成为美国 的商业
[04:18.16]and cultural centres of the nation.
[04:21.99]和文化中心.
[04:25.81]INTEGRATING SKILLS Reading THE BISON ON THE PLAINS OF AMERICA
[04:29.57]综合技巧 阅读 美洲平原上的野牛
[04:33.34]The first settlers on the plains of America were Native Americans.
[04:35.48]美洲平原上的首批定居 者是土着美洲人.
[04:37.62]They arrived more than 30000 years ago
[04:39.18]他们是在3万多年以前
[04:40.75]by crossing a land bridge from Asia to America.
[04:42.39]从亚洲跨越一座大陆桥 来到美洲的.
[04:44.03]The Native Americans lived by gathering roots,
[04:45.46]土着美洲人是靠采集 根茎,
[04:46.90]nuts and wild fruit and hunting wild animals.
[04:49.11]坚果和野生水果以及 猎杀野生动物为生的.
[04:51.33]They hunted bison, a type of wild animals which used to exist
[04:53.64]他们捕杀野牛--一种野 生动物
[04:55.96]in huge numbers on the plains of America.
[04:57.24]曾经成群结队生存地在 美洲平原上.
[04:58.52]The bison grows to a shoulder-height
[04:59.77]野牛长到1.5米与人的 肩同高时
[05:01.02]of 1.5 metres and can weigh 1,100 kilogrammes.
[05:03.78]其体重就可达1,100 公斤.
[05:06.54]It was an important part of Native Americans' life.
[05:08.32]野牛是土着美洲人赖以 生活的重要部分.
[05:10.10]Bison were killed for their meat,
[05:11.14]他们杀野牛吃野牛肉,
[05:12.17]while their fur provided warm clothing during cold winters.
[05:14.17]用野牛毛皮制成冬季御 寒的衣服.
[05:16.17]The Native Americans made tents and water containers
[05:17.87]土着美洲人用野牛皮制 作帐篷和装水的容器
[05:19.56]from the skins and tools from the bones.
[05:20.99]和用野牛骨制作工具.
[05:22.43]The teeth were used to make necklaces.
[05:23.87]它们的牙齿用来做 项链.
[05:25.31]From about 1830 onwards in the USA,
[05:26.94]在美国大约从1830年起
[05:28.58]European settlers began to move westwards.
[05:30.10]欧洲移民开始向西部迁 移.
[05:31.63]Large groups of Native Americans were forced
[05:32.91]成批的土着美洲人 被迫
[05:34.19]to move away from their old hunting grounds.
[05:35.49]从他们原有的狩猎场迁 走.
[05:36.80]When they resisted, they were killed.
[05:37.99]他们反抗时就被杀害.
[05:39.19]There were many fierce wars between Native Americans and European settlers.
[05:41.51]土着美洲人和欧洲移民 之间发生了许多激烈的 战争.
[05:43.82]The American government made agreements
[05:44.84]美国政府同土着美洲人 的首领达成了协议
[05:45.86]with Native American chiefs but always broke them afterwards.
[05:47.85]但是随后总是又把这些 协议撕毁.
[05:49.85]In this way,Native Americans were forced onto poor land
[05:51.88]就这样,土着美洲人被 赶到了贫瘠的土地上
[05:53.91]that the settlers did not want.
[05:54.90]那是移民者不想要的.
[05:55.89]The settlers built railways across the plains and began to hunt even more bison.
[05:58.48]移民在平原上修起了 铁路,开始猎取更多的 野牛.
[06:01.06]While early settlers had killed bison for food,
[06:02.71]早期的移民只是杀野 牛为食,
[06:04.37]now the killing became more widespread.
[06:05.69]现在的屠宰野牛就更为 广泛.
[06:07.01]They killed the bison, cut off the skins and left the bodies behind to rot.
[06:09.33]他们把野牛杀死,去 皮,使剩下的尸体任 其腐烂.
[06:11.64]The bison skins were sent by rail to cities to be sold.
[06:13.73]野牛皮用火车运到城里 出售.
[06:15.81]Between 1850 and 1910 the bison population
[06:18.01]1850到1910年之间,
[06:20.21]is thought to have fallen from 60 million to just a few hundred.
[06:22.60]野牛的头数从6000万头 下降到只有几百头了.
[06:24.99]The killing of the bison changed the whole wildlife of the plains.
[06:26.73]屠宰野牛改变了平原的 全部野生生物系统.
[06:28.47]With fewer bison, grass shoots were not eaten,
[06:30.13]野牛少了,草根没有被 吃掉,
[06:31.79]so grass did not grow as strongly.
[06:32.96]草就长得不如以前粗壮 了.
[06:34.13]Bison waste no longer fell on the ground to improve the soil,
[06:36.50]野牛的粪便不再落在地 上以改良土壤,
[06:38.87]which as a result became less good for growing plants.
[06:40.88]结果土壤变得越发不利 于植物生长.
[06:42.88]The ground supported fewer plants,
[06:44.01]地上长的植物少了,
[06:45.14]and the insects which lived on these plants died out.
[06:46.88]靠这些植物为生的昆 虫就消亡了.
[06:48.61]There was less food for birds and also for the prairie dog,
[06:50.62]供鸟类以及草原土拨鼠 吃的食物也少了,
[06:52.63]a kind of animal which lives in holes in the ground.
[06:54.20]草原土拨鼠是一种生活 在地洞里的动物.
[06:55.76]This in turn had an effect on the food supply for wolves.
[06:57.71]这样又影响了狼群的食 物供应.
[06:59.66]Thus one simple fact a change in the number of bison,
[07:01.88]因此,一个简单的事实 就是
[07:04.10]had an effect on the whole wildlife chain of the plains.
[07:08.50]野牛数目的变化对平原 的整个野生生物链都产 生了影响.
[07:12.89]WORKBOOK Unit 16 INTEGRATING SKILLS Reading THE TRAIL OF TEARS
[07:17.50]练习册 第十六单元 综合技能 阅读 血泪史
[07:22.10]For thousands of years,
[07:23.00]几千年来,
[07:23.90]Native Americans lived as hunters in North America.
[07:25.71]北美洲的土着居民以打 猎为生.
[07:27.53]There were millions of people,
[07:28.37]那里有上百万的居民
[07:29.21]with many different cultures, religions and languages.
[07:31.20]他们有着不同的文化, 不同的宗教信仰和不 同的语言.
[07:33.19]In 1492, Columbus arrived in America
[07:35.14]1492年哥伦布发现了这 块大陆
[07:37.09]and soon after the first European settlers followed.
[07:39.18]很快第一批欧洲人来到 这里定居.
[07:41.26]Native Americans were either killed or driven off their land
[07:43.48]土着居民要么被杀害要 么被赶离他们的土地
[07:45.69]and many died of diseases that the newcomers brought to the continent.
[07:48.08]还有许多死于新来者带 来的病毒.
[07:50.47]Over the next three hundred years,ninety percent of America's original population
[07:53.63]接下来的三百年，90% 的美国原来人口
[07:56.78]was killed by wars, diseases or starvation.
[07:58.65]死于战争,疾病或饥饿.
[08:00.52]The white settlers wanted their land,
[08:01.84]白人定居者想要掠夺土 着居民的土地
[08:03.16]and the Native Americans could not protect their homes and farms.
[08:05.32]而他们却不能保护他们 的家园和农场.
[08:07.48]From around 1790 to 1830,
[08:09.29]大约从1790到1830年间
[08:11.11]Native American tri- bes tried to solve the problem with the US government.
[08:13.79]土着居民部落试图和美 国政府解决这个问题.
[08:16.47]Several agreements were reached,
[08:17.50]签订了几个协议,
[08:18.53]but the government broke its promises almost every time.
[08:20.35]但当时的政府几乎每次 都毁约.
[08:22.16]Finally, by the 1830s,the government decided to remove the Native Americans
[08:25.03]最后,十九世纪三十年 代,政府决定赶走土着 居民
[08:27.90]from their own land to make room for European settlers.
[08:30.00]从他们自己的土地上把 他们赶走以给欧洲定居 者腾空间.
[08:32.10]One by one,the Native American tribes were moved west.
[08:34.35]渐渐地,土着居民部落 往西部迁移了.
[08:36.61]Indians who resisted were killed.
[08:37.99]反抗的印第安人被 杀害了.
[08:39.37]One of the best- known examples of the hardships suffered
[08:40.99]土着人所受的最有名的 苦难之一就是
[08:42.62]by the Native Americans is the sad story of the Cherokee tribe.
[08:44.91]切罗基部落的悲惨故 事.
[08:47.20]The Cherokees lived in the southeast of the United States.
[08:49.00]切罗基人居住于 美国东南部.
[08:50.80]They lived by farming, hunting and fishing
[08:52.35]他们以农业,打猎和捕 鱼为生
[08:53.89]and had been able to adapt to modern society.
[08:55.44]并且已经能够适应现代 社会了.
[08:56.99]The Cherokees had built homes and farms,
[08:58.67]切罗基人建造了房屋, 农场,
[09:00.35]developed a written language and made their own laws.
[09:02.41]发展一种书面语,制定 了自己的法律.
[09:04.48]Despite their hard work, the Cherokees were not treated fairly.
[09:06.87]尽管他们努力工作, 切罗基人还是没有被 公平对待.
[09:09.26]When the government began driving the Native Americans away,
[09:11.15]当政府开始赶走土着 居民的时候,
[09:13.05]the Cherokees were among the last to go.
[09:14.54]切罗基部落是最后被赶 走的几个部落之一.
[09:16.03]In 1838,the govern- ment began putting Cherokee men,
[09:18.42]1838年,政府开始让切 罗基男人
[09:20.81]women and children in camps and made them walk a thousand miles.
[09:23.31]女人,儿童睡在帐篷 里,让他们走几千里.
[09:25.81]The winter was cold and there was not much food.
[09:27.64]冬天很冷,又没有很多 食物.
[09:29.48]About 4000 Cherokees died during the march,
[09:31.51]在这场行军中死了大 约4000个切罗基人,
[09:33.54]which became known as the "Trail of Tears" or "the trail where they cried".
[09:36.38]这就是着名的"血泪之 道"或称为"他们哭泣 的道路".
[09:39.23]In the years that followed,
[09:40.15]在随后的几年里,
[09:41.07]Native Americans lived through one of the darkest times in their history.
[09:43.11]美国土着居民经历了 他们历史上最黑暗的 时代.
[09:45.16]By the end of the nineteenth century,
[09:46.42]到十九世纪晚期,
[09:47.68]only some 250,000 Native Americans had survived.
[09:49.84]只有250，000个美国土 着居民存活下来了.
[09:52.00]Their culture and way of life had been destroyed,
[09:53.53]他们的文化和生活方式 被破坏了,
[09:55.06]their land had been taken away from them,
[09:56.43]他们的土地被夺走了,
[09:57.81]and they were not given the rights most other Americans enjoyed.
[09:59.76]他们没有其他美国人享 有的权利.
[10:01.71]Most of the Native Americans were forced to live in special places,
[10:03.87]多数土着人被强制生活 于一些特殊的地方,
[10:06.03]called "reservations", often in poor areas with few resources,
[10:08.60]称为"居留地", 这些地方经常是资源很 少的贫穷地,
[10:11.16]given to them by the government.
[10:12.26]那是政府给予他们的.
[10:13.37]Few Native Americans were able to get an education and many lived in poverty.
[10:16.07]很少土着居民可以受到 教育,很多人处于贫穷 的生活状态.
[10:18.76]In the twentieth century,
[10:19.58]在二十世纪,
[10:20.41]Native Americans began to gather strength again.
[10:22.24]土着居民重新开始获得 力量.
[10:24.08]The Civil Rights Movement was succeeding
[10:25.24]民权运动获得了成功
[10:26.41]and some of the basic rights were given to Native Americans
[10:28.18]美国土着居民也获得了 一些基本的权利
[10:29.96]for the first time in history.
[10:31.04]这是历史上首次.
[10:32.11]Their culture and history were included in school history books
[10:34.19]他们的文化和历史被写 进了学校的历史书
[10:36.27]and some of the languages began to be taught again.
[10:37.98]他们的一些语言又被教 传下来.
[10:39.68]Much had been lost and destroyed over the past 300 years,
[10:41.99]过去三百年失去并毁 坏了很多东西,
[10:44.30]but the spirit of the Native Americans had not been broken.
[10:46.44]但土着居民的精神没有 被破坏.
[10:48.58]Today,Native Ameri- cans are beginning to receive the respect they deserve
[10:51.22]今天,土着居民正在开 始获得他们应得的尊重
[10:53.86]and their culture is recognized as an important part of American history.
[10:56.13]他们的文化有被视为美 国历史的一个重要部分
[10:58.41]In 2004, a National Museum was opened to honor the first Americans
[11:00.99]2004年美国建立了国家 博物馆以纪念美国最早 的居民
[11:03.57]and to remind us all not only of the pain and suffering caused
[11:05.98]并告诉我们大家不仅要 记住他们所受的痛苦和 灾难
[11:08.38]by the Trail of Tears and other sad times, but also of the joy,
[11:10.83]由血泪史和其他 悲惨时光引起的, 而且记住美国本土 文化和历史的欢乐
[11:13.28]beauty and strength of Native American culture and history.
[11:15.31]美丽和力量.
[11:17.33]The Trail of Tears has not been forgotten.
[11:18.99]血泪史没有被遗忘.
[11:20.66]In fact,the terrible march has created a beautiful story,
[11:22.89]事实上，那场可怕的长 征产生了一个美丽的故 事
[11:25.13]that of the Cherokee Rose. According to the story,
[11:27.21]那就是切罗基玫瑰的故 事.那个故事说,
[11:29.30]the tears of the Cherokee mothers turned into flowers
[11:31.10]切罗基母亲们的眼泪变 成了花朵
[11:32.89]as they fell to the ground.
[11:33.71]当她们倒地死去的 时候.
[11:34.53]The flower, a rose, is white as the tears and has a gold center,
[11:37.08]那花,一朵玫瑰,像眼泪 一样的白还有一个金色 中心,
[11:39.62]representing the gold that was taken from the Cherokee lands.
[11:41.93]代表从切罗基土地上 夺走的黄金.
[11:44.25]The rose has seven leaves,
[11:45.45]那朵玫瑰有七个花瓣
[11:46.65]one for each group of Cherokees that marched on the Trail of Tears.
[11:49.27]一个花瓣代表一群沿 血泪之道长征的切罗 基人.
[11:51.89]The flower still grows along the trail
[11:53.48]花朵仍然生长在那条路 的沿途
[11:55.06]and it is now the state flower of Georgia.
[11:59.73]现在它是侨治亚州的 州花.
[12:04.39]Unit 17 Disabilities READING DISABLED? NOT ME!
[12:09.05]第十七单元 残疾 阅读 残疾？我不是
[12:13.72]"I know people are trying to help,
[12:14.83]"我知道人们在努力帮 助我,
[12:15.94]but I wish they wouldn't treat me as if I were a child."
[12:17.41]但是我希望他们不要把 我当小孩一样对待."
[12:18.88]Zhong Xiaowen is sixteen and a middle school student in Northern China.
[12:21.15]16岁的钟小文是中国北 部的一位中学生.
[12:23.43]She is one of the best students in her class
[12:24.71]她是班上最好的学 生之一
[12:25.99]and she won an award for young scientists last year.
[12:27.79]而且去年赢得了一项颁 给青年科学家的奖.
[12:29.59]Sitting in the classroom,
[12:30.51]坐在教室里
[12:31.42]Xiaowen looks just like all her classmates.
[12:32.83]小文看起来就像她所 有的同学一样.
[12:34.25]But when class is over and her classmates get up to move around,
[12:36.39]但是下课以后当她的同 学起身四处活动的时候
[12:38.53]it becomes obvious that Xiaowen's life is different.
[12:40.12]很明显小文的生活与众 不同.
[12:41.70]Xiaowen was born without the ability to use her legs
[12:43.52]小文一生下来就丧失了 使用腿的能力
[12:45.34]and she has no feeling below the waist.
[12:46.51]而且腰部以下没有 知觉.
[12:47.67]She uses a wheel- chair to get around
[12:48.89]她靠轮椅四处活动
[12:50.11]and it often takes her a little longer to do everyday things,
[12:52.12]日常琐事要花费比其他 人更多的时间,
[12:54.13]such as getting out of bed, getting dressed and going to class.
[12:56.46]例如起床,穿衣服和 上学.
[12:58.79]Xiaowen's favourite subject is computer science.
[13:00.51]小文最喜欢的功课是计 算机科学.
[13:02.23]She has already created many programmes
[13:03.57]她已经开发出了许多程 序
[13:04.91]and one of them received an award at her province's science fair.
[13:07.05]其中还有一项在她们 省的科技博览会上获 了奖.
[13:09.19]People like Xiaowen and many other disabled people in our country
[13:11.26]在我国像小文和许多其 他残疾人这样的人
[13:13.32]have taught us the importance of giving everybody a chance to receive education.
[13:15.99]使我们明白给每个人受 教育的机会的重要性.
[13:18.67]We know that we cannot let physical disabilities limit a person's life.
[13:20.87]我们知道我们不能让身 体的残疾限制一个人的 生活.
[13:23.07]Today there are more opportunities for disabled people
[13:24.81]今天残疾人拥有更多的 机会
[13:26.55]to develop their potential,
[13:27.45]来发展他们的潜能,
[13:28.34]live a rich life and make a contribution to society.
[13:30.33]过富裕的生活并为社会 作贡献.
[13:32.32]The best way to help is often simply a matter of opening doors
[13:34.48]帮助他们最好的方法通 常就是简单是打开门为 他们提供机会和
[13:36.64]and offering guidance.
[13:37.27]提供指导.
[13:37.90]The Beijing Union University has launched a special education college
[13:40.45]北京联合大学设立一所 特殊教育学院
[13:42.99]where gifted disabled students receive the help they need to succeed.
[13:45.32]在这里有天赋的残疾学 生能得到他们成功所需 要的帮助.
[13:47.65]One-third of the students are blind
[13:48.78]三分之一的学生是盲人
[13:49.91]and the rest are deaf or have no disability.
[13:51.61]其余的学生是聋人或正 常人.
[13:53.31]For the students without disabilities,
[13:54.38]对于那些没有残疾的学 生来说,
[13:55.45]studying together with disabled classmates is both challenging
[13:57.63]和他们的残疾同学一起 学习不仅是一种挑战
[13:59.81]and rewarding. They not only learn how to assist disabled people,
[14:01.88]而且是非常有益的. 他们不仅学会了如何帮 助残疾人
[14:03.94]but also learn the importance of cooperating to reach their goals in life.
[14:06.15]而且认识到了共同合作 以实现生活目标的重要 性.
[14:08.37]One of the teachers at the special education college says that their aim
[14:10.68]特殊教育学院的一位老 师说
[14:13.00]is to help disabled students understand
[14:14.33]他们的目标是要帮助残 疾学生认识到
[14:15.67]that they can play valuable role within society.
[14:17.24]他们可以在社会上充当 有价值的角色.
[14:18.81]"They need recognition, more than sympathy and help."
[14:20.61]"他们需要认可,胜于需 要同情和帮助."
[14:22.40]Like all of us, disabled people also need inspiration and encouragement.
[14:25.17]像我们大家一样,残疾 人也需要激励和鼓励.
[14:27.94]The magazine Literature of Chinese Blind Children
[14:29.89]《中国盲童文学》杂志
[14:31.84]was started by Xu Bailun in 1985,when he decided that there should be a magazine
[14:35.21]是由徐百伦于1985年创 立的,当时他认为中国 应该有一份
[14:38.57]for blind people in China.
[14:39.36]为盲人而办的杂志.
[14:40.14]Blind children all over China read the magazine
[14:41.90]中国各地的盲人孩子都 在读这本杂志
[14:43.66]and it has inspired many of them to believe
[14:45.20]它激励着这些盲人孩子
[14:46.75]that they can realise their dreams.
[14:47.77]相信他们能够实 现自己的梦想.
[14:48.78]The articles in the magazine are often about disabled people
[14:50.69]这本杂志中的文章常常 是关于那些残疾人
[14:52.60]who have overcome difficulties
[14:53.67]克服了困难
[14:54.74]and learnt to live a meaningful and productive life.
[14:56.25]并且学会过有意义和富 于创造力的生活.
[14:57.76]About one-third of the articles
[14:58.70]大约三分之一的文章
[14:59.64]in Literature of Chinese Blind Children
[15:00.98]《中国盲童文学》中
[15:02.31]are written by disabled authors and blind children.
[15:03.88]是由残疾作者和盲童写 的。
[15:05.45]One of the magazine's best- known readers is Ye Zijie,
[15:07.34]杂志最着名的读者之一 叫叶自杰
[15:09.23]who is now a teacher in Huhhot.
[15:10.38]他现在是呼和浩特的一 位老师。
[15:11.53]In the year 2000, he was invited to study in London
[15:13.46]2000年他被邀请去伦敦 学习
[15:15.39]and became the first visually impaired Chinese to study abroad.
[15:17.65]成为中国第一位有视力 障碍并出国留学的人。
[15:19.90]Zijie says he was inspired and motivated by the magazine:
[15:21.83]自杰说他受到了杂志的 激励和鼓舞：
[15:23.76]"It is very important for us to know
[15:24.93]"对于我们来说,知道
[15:26.09]that someone far away is also struggling as we are."
[15:28.12]远方有一个人和我们一 样在努力拼搏是很重要 的."
[15:30.14]Living with disability is frustrating and challenging.
[15:31.62]与残疾作斗争既令人灰 心又极具挑战性.
[15:33.09]Everyday activities are more difficult than they are for others.
[15:34.90]日常活动都要比别人更 困难一些.
[15:36.72]It is also often disappointing to find that other people
[15:38.46]那是很令人失望的
[15:40.20]do not feel comfortable together with someone who is disabled.
[15:42.11]当发现别人和残疾人一 起时感到不适.
[15:44.02]Perhaps we should all listen to Xiaowen's advice.
[15:45.57]或许我们都应该听一下 小文的建议.
[15:47.12]"Sometimes I wonder why they call me disabled," she says.
[15:48.92]"有时候我想知道他们 为什么要称我为残疾 人,"她说.
[15:50.71]"I have learnt to live with my body as it is and adjusted my way of life.
[15:53.16]"我已经学会了就照这 个样子带着残疾生活并 且调整了我的生活方式
[15:55.61]Maybe it is time for the rest of society to accept me as I am
[15:57.73]也许现在是社会上其他 的人坦然接受我这个样 子的时候了
[15:59.85]and get used to the fact that while I may not be able to walk,
[16:01.76]并且习惯这样一个事实 尽管我也许无法行走
[16:03.67]there are many other great things I can do."
[16:07.19]但还是有许多其他的大 事我可以做."
[16:10.71]INTEGRATING SKILLS Reading THE SPECIAL OLYMPICS
[16:14.09]综合技巧 阅读 特殊奥运会
[16:17.47]Every four years, mentally disabled athletes come together
[16:19.84]每四年,精神障碍运动 员都会聚集到一起
[16:22.21]to take part in the Special Olympics.
[16:23.46]参加特殊奥运会.
[16:24.70]Just like the regular Olympic Games,
[16:26.12]就像常规奥运会一样,
[16:27.53]the events are surrounded by grand ceremony
[16:29.27]这些活动有宏大的仪式
[16:31.01]and the competition is fierce
[16:32.21]竞争很激烈
[16:33.41]but there is also a strong sense of unity and friendship.
[16:35.38]但同样也有很浓的团结 和友谊的气氛.
[16:37.35]Each athlete has had to train for many years and overcome fear
[16:39.89]每位运动员都接受了几 年的训练克服恐惧
[16:42.44]and hardships to reach the games.
[16:43.72]和困难以参加比赛.
[16:45.00]For many of the Special Olympic athletes,
[16:46.47]对于许多特殊奥运会的 运动员来说,
[16:47.94]simply taking part in the games is a victory.
[16:49.74]仅仅参加比赛就是一个 胜利.
[16:51.54]It often seems as if the Olympic spirit is stronger at the Special Olympics
[16:54.44]特殊奥运会上所体现的 奥运精神似乎常常
[16:57.34]than at the regular one:
[16:58.11]比常规奥运会更强些:
[16:58.88]winning is not about being the first one across the finish line
[17:00.94]获胜并不是第一个冲 过终点线
[17:03.00]or scoring the most goals, but it is about being the best you can be.
[17:05.51]或者获得最高分,而是 尽你所能做到最好.
[17:08.01]Athletes at the Special Olympics are fighters in more than one way.
[17:10.46]特殊奥运会的运动员不 仅仅是一种意义上的拼 搏者.
[17:12.90]Living with a mental disability is perhaps
[17:14.40]带着精神残疾生活
[17:15.89]the most difficult challenge a human being can face in life.
[17:17.93]或许是人生所能面临的 最大挑战.
[17:19.98]The disability makes everyday life difficult
[17:21.70]残疾使日常生活困难
[17:23.42]and society often fails to treat the mentally disabled
[17:25.60]而社会常常没有给予 精神残疾人
[17:27.78]with dignity and respect.
[17:28.81]以尊严和尊重.
[17:29.84]For a long time, mental disability was considered shameful
[17:32.27]很长一段时间,精神残 障被认为是可耻的
[17:34.70]and the mentally disabled received little treatment or encouragement.
[17:36.99]精神残障者很少受到 治疗或鼓励.
[17:39.28]Fortunately, we have now realised that there is much that can be done to help.
[17:42.42]幸运的是,我们现在意 识到了我们可以做许多 事情来帮助他们.
[17:45.55]The Special Olympics is one example of how society
[17:47.50]特殊奥运会是一个例证
[17:49.45]can improve the quality of life for all its citizens.
[17:51.63]证明社会如何提高全体 人民的生活质量.
[17:53.81]By preparing for and participating in the Special Olympics,
[17:56.41]通过准备和参加特殊奥 运会,
[17:59.01]mentally disabled children and adults can develop their ability to move,
[18:01.93]精神残障儿童和成人能 发展他们行动的能力,
[18:04.86]improve their health and gain greater self-confidence.
[18:06.83]改善健康状况 获得更多的自信.
[18:08.80]The Special Olympics is also a good way to make friends.
[18:10.90]特殊奥运会也是交朋友 的好办法.
[18:13.00]The first Special Olympics was held in Chicago in 1968.
[18:15.79]第一届特殊奥运会于 1968年在芝加哥举行.
[18:18.58]One thousand participants from Canada
[18:20.13]来自加拿大和美国的一 千名参赛者
[18:21.68]and the United States competed in three events.
[18:23.61]参加了三个项目.
[18:25.54]Since then, the Special Olympics has grown.
[18:27.21]从那以后,特殊奥运会 在不断发展.
[18:28.87]At the 2003 Special Olympics in Ireland, more than 6,500 athletes
[18:32.77]2003年爱尔兰特殊奥运 会上,有来自150多个 国家的6500多名运动员
[18:36.67]from over 150 countries took part and there were 21 different sports.
[18:39.74]参加了比赛,比赛 有21个不同项目.
[18:42.82]Interest in the Special Olympics has spread across the world
[18:44.88]世界各国都对特殊奥运 会产生了兴趣
[18:46.95]and cities are now competing for the honour to host the event.
[18:49.15]许多城市都在为举办这 项赛事而竞争.
[18:51.35]In 2007, the Special Olympics will be held in Shanghai.
[18:53.72]2007年,特殊奥运会将 在上海举行.
[18:56.09]Chinese athletes, their friends, parents and the audience
[18:58.49]中国运动员,他们的朋 友,父母和观众
[19:00.90]will be proud to welcome Special Olympians to China.
[19:05.53]都将自豪地迎接特殊奥 运会来到中国.
[19:10.15]WORKBOOK Unit 17 INTEGRATING SKILLS READING EQUAL ACCESS
[19:14.68]练习册 第17单元 综合技能 阅读 平等
[19:19.22]Every member of society has the right to education,
[19:20.96]每个社会成员都有权利 受教育
[19:22.70]employment and a reasonable quality of life.
[19:24.32]受雇和过一种合理的 有质量的生活.
[19:25.94]As society develops, we have both the opportunity and responsibility
[19:28.73]随着社会的发展, 我们有机会和责任
[19:31.53]to make sure that people with disabilities
[19:32.92]来确保残疾人
[19:34.32]can live productive and meaningful lives.
[19:35.60]能生活得多姿多彩 生活得有意义.
[19:36.88]That means that we must make sure that our streets and public buildings,
[19:38.72]那就意味着我们要确保 我们的街道我们的公共 场所
[19:40.55]such as government offices, schools, hospitals, cinemas and libraries,
[19:43.57]比如政府办公室,学校 医院,电影院和图书馆
[19:46.59]are safe and accessible to all of us.
[19:48.15]使我们每一个人都能安 全出入.
[19:49.72]STREETS
[19:50.13]街道
[19:50.53]The streets in our cities should be clean,in good repair and safe.
[19:52.77]我们城市的街道应该干 净,维修好,安全.
[19:55.00]To make sure that blind people can find their way around our cities,
[19:56.70]为了确保盲人能够在我 们城市里找到路,
[19:58.40]we must provide street stones and markers
[19:59.65]我们要提供街石和标志
[20:00.89]that help them get where they are going.
[20:01.88]来帮他们到达 他们想要去的地方.
[20:02.87]Special stones can be used to show paths and crossings.
[20:04.58]特殊的石头可用来指示 小径和交叉路口.
[20:06.28]For those who are in wheelchairs,
[20:07.17]那于那些坐在轮椅上的 人来说,
[20:08.07]we should provide level streets and easy access to sidewalks and stores.
[20:10.59]我们应该提供水平的街 道和容易通过的人行道 和商店.
[20:13.12]The ground should be even and hard,
[20:14.19]路面应该平整,坚硬
[20:15.26]and there should be no unmarked holes or other dangers.
[20:16.91]不应该有没有标志的洞 或其它危险.
[20:18.55]Signs and traffic lights must be well- placed
[20:19.91]标记和红绿灯要安放好
[20:21.26]and easy to read and use.
[20:22.54]容易阅读和使用.
[20:23.82]PUBLIC BUILDINGS Public buildings must also be accessible and safe.
[20:26.40]公共建筑 公共建筑必须出入容易 安全.
[20:28.98]There must be enough room for wheelchairs,
[20:30.13]要有轮椅的足够空间
[20:31.28]and all parts of the building must be accessible.
[20:32.73]建筑的所有部分都能使 其出入.
[20:34.18]It is important to make sure
[20:35.10]这是很重要的
[20:36.02]that doors and entrances are easy to reach from the street.
[20:37.91]确保从街道进入的门 或入口容易到达.
[20:39.80]The path should be flat and even, and if there are any steps,
[20:41.85]小路应该平整, 如果有台阶的话,
[20:43.89]they should be covered with a board
[20:44.91]上面都应该盖一块板
[20:45.92]so that wheelchairs can enter the building.
[20:47.18]那样坐轮椅的人才能 进入大楼.
[20:48.44]Doors should be at least 80 cm wide and there should be enough space
[20:50.87]门应该有80厘米宽还 应该有足够的空间
[20:53.30]so that the door can be opened by a person sitting in a wheelchair.
[20:55.14]那样坐在轮椅里的人才 能开门.
[20:56.97]Public telephones,
[20:57.76]公共电话
[20:58.54]buttons for elevators and other facilities should be placed
[21:00.91]电梯的按钮和其它设备 应该有
[21:03.28]so that they can reached from a wheelchair.
[21:04.48]那样坐在轮椅里的人能 够够得着.
[21:05.69]Entrances should be easy to find and well-lighted
[21:07.41]入口应该容易找得到 而且照明要好
[21:09.13]for people who do not see very well.
[21:10.20]那样那些看得不是很清 楚的人能看得见.
[21:11.27]Class doors should be marked at eye level to prevent accidents.
[21:12.99]教室的门应该在眼睛看 得到的地方作标记,以 防意外.
[21:14.71]It is also important that the shape of the room is easy to recognise
[21:17.11]房间的形状能够认得出 来也是重要的
[21:19.52]and that there are not any objects that may confuse people.
[21:21.28]不应该有什么物体会使 人们弄混.
[21:23.04]For example, the colour or shade of walls,
[21:24.82]例如,墙地板和门的颜 色或者形状
[21:26.60]floors and doors should be different enough
[21:28.05]应该很不相同
[21:29.50]so that the shape of the room is clear. There should be no large mirrors
[21:31.38]那样房间的形状就清楚 了.不应该有太大的镜 子
[21:33.25]or windows letting in sunlight that may make it harder to see.
[21:35.48]或者太阳光线太多的窗 户,这样一些很难让人 看清楚的东西.
[21:37.72]It is also important that any special places,
[21:39.39]还有一个重要的是任何 特殊的地方
[21:41.05]such as bathrooms' entrances for disabled persons,
[21:42.94]比如残疾人浴室的入口
[21:44.83]are conveniently located,
[21:45.78]要布置得方便
[21:46.74]clearly marked and made to look as pleasant as possible.
[21:48.92]标识清楚,尽可能弄得 令人看了觉得愉快.
[21:51.10]HOMES When we design buildings,
[21:52.55]家 当我们设计建筑的时候
[21:54.01]we should keep in mind that there should be apartments
[21:55.29]我们应该记住要有
[21:56.57]that are suitable for disabled persons.
[21:57.87]适合残疾人住的房间.
[21:59.17]All entrances and public areas in apartment buildings must be accessible
[22:01.58]公寓楼的所有入口和公 共场所一定要能进入
[22:03.99]and there should be parking spaces near the entrances.
[22:05.52]入口附近要有停车场.
[22:07.04]Apartments for people in wheel- chairs
[22:08.23]给坐轮椅的人住的公寓
[22:09.41]should be on the ground floor unless there is an elevator;
[22:11.13]应该在一楼 除非有电梯;
[22:12.85]if there is an elevator,
[22:13.61]如果有电梯的话,
[22:14.38]it should be large enough and easy to operate.
[22:15.89]有应该有足够大的空间 以及容易操作.
[22:17.40]The interior of the apartments should also be designed properly.
[22:19.26]公寓内部也应该设计 得合理.
[22:21.11]Light switches, electrical outlets, door handles,
[22:23.01]灯的开关,电源插座, 门手把
[22:24.90]sinks and other fixtures should be placed at a convenient height
[22:27.11]水槽和其他固定设施应 该放置在一个方便的高 度
[22:29.33]so that someone in a wheelchair can reach them.
[22:30.76]因此坐在轮椅上的人就 能够得着.
[22:32.20]Bathrooms, kitchens and hallways should be large and wide enough
[22:34.32]浴室,厨房和大厅应该 够大够宽
[22:36.44]so that a wheelchair can be turned around.
[22:37.60]那样轮椅可以转身.
[22:38.77]Special features, such as doorbells that use light rather than sound,
[22:41.16]一些特殊设备,比如 用光而不是用声音的 门铃
[22:43.55]must be used in apartments for people with hearing difficulty,
[22:45.45]必须用在有听力困难的 人所住的公寓,
[22:47.34]and there should be wiring that makes it possible
[22:48.62]应该有配线
[22:49.90]for people to use taxi telephones and other aids.
[22:51.92]使得使用出租车电话和 其它帮助成为可能.
[22:53.95]Perhaps most important,
[22:54.98]可能最重要的是
[22:56.02]we must provide equal "intellectual access" for disabled people,
[22:58.10]我们必须给残疾人提供 "智力获得",
[23:00.18]that means that everyone, disabled or not,
[23:01.87]那意味着,每一个人不 管残疾人还是正常人,
[23:03.55]should have equal access to schools,
[23:04.81]都应该有同等的机会 去学校,
[23:06.07]universities, jobs and political organisations.
[23:08.00]上大学,找工作,到政府 机构去.
[23:09.93]Providing equal access requires thought,
[23:11.29]提供相同的机会需要很 多心思
[23:12.65]work and money and may seem expensive.
[23:14.31]人力物力因而可能 很贵.
[23:15.97]We must remember, however,
[23:16.98]然而我们必须记住
[23:18.00]that the cost of not providing equal access is far greater.
[23:23.01]回报比付出大得多.
[23:28.01]Unit 18 Inventions
[23:29.66]第十八单元 发明
[23:31.30]READING WHAT WILL YOU THINK OF NEXT?
[23:33.00]阅读 下一步你会想到什么?
[23:34.70]Throughout history, great thinkers have used their creativity
[23:36.71]在整个历史进程中, 伟大的思考者运用他们 的创造力
[23:38.72]and imagination to change the world.
[23:39.75]和想象力来改变这个 世界.
[23:40.78]How do they come up with ideas for new inventions?
[23:42.35]他们是怎样想出主意 进行新发明的呢?
[23:43.92]Thinkers who have changed the world do not seem to have much in common.
[23:45.97]改变了这个世界的思考 者似乎没有很多的共同 点.
[23:48.01]They come from different cultures and have different backgrounds,
[23:49.56]他们来自于不同的文化 并有着不同的背景,
[23:51.11]and only some of them did well at school.
[23:52.42]而且他们中只有一部分 在学校里学习不错.
[23:53.74]Creativity is not about getting high test scores,
[23:55.31]创造力并不意味着在考 试中得高分
[23:56.88]having a high IQ or being smart.Instead, it seems that creative thinking,
[23:59.53]有高智商或者很聪明. 相反,创造性的思考似 乎是一个习惯问题
[24:02.19]which is one of the most highly valued skills in society,is a matter of habits.
[24:04.62]它在社会中是有价值的 技能之一.
[24:07.05]By thinking about the way we think and practising good thinking strategies,
[24:09.34]通过考虑我们的思维方 式,通过训练良好的思 维策略,
[24:11.63]we can become more creative.
[24:12.95]我们就能变得更有创造 力.
[24:14.27]THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX
[24:15.33]突破常规思考
[24:16.38]Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful,
[24:18.08]如果我们想要成功,知 识和学习是很重要的,
[24:19.78]but we must also realise that what we know
[24:21.20]但是我们还必须认识到 我们所知道的
[24:22.61]and what we have learnt may also limit our thinking.
[24:24.48]和我们所学过的也可能 限制我们的思维.
[24:26.35]To "think outside the box" is to try new ways to solve a problem.
[24:29.02]"突破常规思考"就是 要尝试新办法来解决 问题.
[24:31.70]Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions
[24:33.96]发明者常常重新表述一 个问题其目的是寻求创 造性解决问题的方法,
[24:36.22]and also try "impossible" or "crazy" solutions.
[24:38.22]也尝试"不可能"或 "疯狂"的解决办法.
[24:40.23]If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas
[24:42.22]如果我们只找正确答 案,拒绝那些
[24:44.21]that do not provide a complete answer, we may get stuck.
[24:46.16]不能给我们完整答案 的想法,我们就可能被 困住.
[24:48.11]Partial solutions, and even failures, give us more information
[24:50.00]局部的解决办法甚至 失败都会给我们更多的 信息
[24:51.89]and clues that help us move towards a better solution.
[24:53.84]和线索,帮助我们逐渐 找到更好的解决办法.
[24:55.79]Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns
[24:58.24]创造性思维是一种有 意识地打破旧的思维模 式
[25:00.68]in order to explore new possibilities.
[25:02.12]以探索新的可能性的努 力.
[25:03.55]TAKE ANOTHER LOOK AT IT
[25:04.62]从另一个角度看问题
[25:05.69]Good solutions and new ideas are often the result of a change in perception.
[25:08.27]好的解决办法和新的 思想常常是对一种事物 的理解改变的结果.
[25:10.85]By looking at a problem in as many ways as possible,
[25:12.68]通过从尽可能多的角度 来看待一个问题
[25:14.52]creative thinkers can find solutions that would otherwise remain invisible.
[25:17.01]富有创造力的思考者可 以发现在其它情况下可 能察觉不了的答案.
[25:19.49]As with thinking outside the box,
[25:20.85]突破常规思考,
[25:22.21]the process includes a series of differ- ent attempts and several false starts.
[25:24.61]这个过程包括一系列不 同的尝试和一些错误的 开端.
[25:27.02]Each new way of looking at a situa- tion improves our understanding
[25:29.41]每一种考虑情况的 新方法都能加深我 们的理解
[25:31.80]and makes it easier to discover new possibilities.
[25:33.50]并且使我们更容易发现 新的可能性.
[25:35.20]Great thinkers also like to make their ideas visible.
[25:36.80]伟大的思考者也喜欢使 他们的想法显而易见.
[25:38.41]A drawing or a model will help you see things
[25:39.96]一幅图画或一个模型将 会帮助你看见
[25:41.51]that may otherwise remain hidden.
[25:42.83]在其他情况下可能隐藏 的东西.
[25:44.15]MAKE CONNECTIONS
[25:45.18]联系
[25:46.21]Every new thought or idea has to be connected to what we already know.
[25:48.46]每一个新的思想或想法 都必须与我们已经知道 的东西联系起来.
[25:50.72]Unfortunately, it is easy to limit the possibilities of a new idea
[25:53.24]不幸的是,若把一个新 的想法只与我们以前知 识的某一个方面联系
[25:55.77]by connecting it to only one area of our previous knowledge.
[25:57.68]起来很容易限制许多 可能性.
[25:59.59]Great thinkers are aware of this and try to combine new
[26:01.64]伟大的思考者意识到这 一点并努力把新旧想法
[26:03.69]and old ideas in as many different ways as possible.
[26:05.62]从尽可能多的不同的方 面结合起来.
[26:07.55]They also try to make connections that may seem strange at first.
[26:09.62]他们也试图将起初看 起来很奇异的事物联 系起来.
[26:11.68]By comparing and connecting ideas and objects in new ways,
[26:13.93]通过从新的角度去比较 和联系各个想法和事物
[26:16.19]creative thinkers are able to think of new applications and solutions.
[26:18.61]富有创造力的思考者就 能想出新的应用和解决 问题的办法.
[26:21.04]Many of the things that we use every day were invented by someone
[26:23.39]我们每天用的东西中 有许多
[26:25.74]who saw similarities between his or her ideas and objects or systems in the world.
[26:29.45]都是由那些看到了 自己的想法与世界上的 事物或体系之间的相 似之处的人发明的.
[26:33.16]KEEP TRYING Good ideas are no accident.
[26:35.34]不断尝试 好的想法并不是偶然产 生的.
[26:37.52]They are the result of a long process of trial and error.
[26:39.34]它们是一个长期不断试 验,中间有不少错误的 结果.
[26:41.15]Most famous scientists and thinkers are very productive
[26:43.01]大多数着名科学家和思 想家都是富有成果的
[26:44.86]and studies have shown that our most respected scientists
[26:46.77]研究表明我们最尊敬的 科学家
[26:48.68]produce not only some of the best ideas,
[26:50.06]不仅有一些最好的想法
[26:51.43]but also a great many bad ones.
[26:52.70]而且也有许多糟糕的 想法.
[26:53.96]Some of the greatest inventors forced themselves to develop new ideas
[26:56.54]一些最伟大的发明者都 迫使自己去开发新的想 法
[26:59.12]even when they were tired or did not feel inspired.
[27:00.71]甚至在他们疲惫不堪或 者没有灵感时也这样.
[27:02.29]They all knew that for each new invention that works,
[27:03.88]他们都知道在每一项起 作用的新发明背后
[27:05.46]there are at least ten that do not.
[27:06.61]至少有十个是不起作用 的.
[27:07.76]If we want to develop our creativity,
[27:09.06]如果我们要发展我们的 创造力,
[27:10.36]we can try using some of the thinking strategies of the great and famous.
[27:12.67]我们可以尝试着运用一 些伟大的着名的人的思 维策略.
[27:14.98]We may not be interested in becoming inventors,
[27:16.51]我们可能对成为发明者 不感兴趣,
[27:18.04]but we probably all want to find new ways to improve our life.
[27:20.20]但我们很可能都想找到 新的办法去改善我们的 生活.
[27:22.36]Who knows, perhaps your next thought
[27:23.83]谁知道呢 或许你的下一个思想
[27:25.30]will be a new idea that changes the world.
[27:28.88]将是一个能改变这个世 界的新想法.
[27:32.45]INTEGRATING SKILLS Reading ALL IN THE MIND: SCIENTIFIC METAPHORS
[27:36.29]综合技巧 阅读 脑中所有的信息： 科学隐喻
[27:40.14]It is certainly true that computers,
[27:41.40]毫无疑问,电脑
[27:42.66]cellphones and digital cameras have become part of our everyday life.
[27:45.40]手机和数码相机已成为 我们日常生活中的一部 分.
[27:48.13]Anywhere we go,we can hear the ringing of a cellphone,
[27:50.42]无论我们走到哪儿,我 们都能听见手机的鸣叫 声
[27:52.72]the tapping of a keyboard or the clicking of a mouse.
[27:54.86]键盘的敲击声或鼠标的 点击声.
[27:57.00]We are said to be living in the "Information Age",
[27:58.72]人们说我们正生活在 "信息时代"--
[28:00.44]a time of new discoveries and great changes.
[28:02.67]一个充满新发现和大变 革的时代.
[28:04.91]But is it really true that we are living in the "Information Age"?
[28:07.24]但是我们确实生活在 "信息时代"吗?
[28:09.57]Has our life changed that much? Many of the things we do with computers,
[28:12.50]我们的生活改变了那么 多吗？我们用电脑处理 的许多事情
[28:15.43]such as typing and sending mail, are things that we also did before.
[28:18.03]如打字和发邮件,都是 我们以前也做的事情.
[28:20.62]Has anything really changed except the tools we use?
[28:22.93]除了我们使用的这些工 具外,有真正改变了的 东西吗?
[28:25.25]When we describe or talk about new inventions,
[28:27.07]当我们描述或谈论新发 明时,
[28:28.88]we use words and ideas that we already know.
[28:30.87]我们用的是我们已经知 道的词汇和概念.
[28:32.86]For example, when we want to explain how a computer works,
[28:35.23]例如,当我们要解释电 脑的功能时,
[28:37.60]We use words like "memory","store" and "cut"and "paste".
[28:40.18]我们使用像"记忆""储 存""剪切和粘贴"这样 的词.
[28:42.76]The words are useful but they are not quite true.
[28:44.85]这些词汇是有用的但是 它们并非是确切的.
[28:46.93]A computer's "memory" is similar to human memory in some ways,
[28:49.32]电脑的"记忆"在某些方 面与人的记忆是类似的
[28:51.70]but it is also very different.
[28:53.31]但也是很不同的.
[28:54.92]A computer does keep information in its memory,
[28:56.81]电脑的确在记忆里储存 信息,
[28:58.70]but that is clearly different from other kinds of storage.
[29:00.67]但很明显与其它种类的 储存是不同的.
[29:02.64]We do cut and paste, but we don't use scissors or glue.
[29:05.16]我们的确剪切和粘贴但 并不使用剪刀或胶水.
[29:07.68]Using familiar words makes it easier for us to understand and use a new tool,
[29:10.78]使用熟悉的词语使我们 更容易理解和运用新的 工具
[29:13.88]but it may also make it more difficult
[29:15.26]但也使我们更难
[29:16.63]for us to use the new invention in the best way.
[29:18.62]用最好的方法运用新发 明.
[29:20.61]After all,what makes a new invention such a wonderful thing
[29:22.99]毕竟,使一项新发明成 为如此奇妙的事情
[29:25.38]is that it allows us to do something we could not do before.
[29:27.47]就在于它可以让我们做 以前不能做的事情.
[29:29.55]Science is not just about electronics and plastic;
[29:31.60]科学并不只是关于电子 和塑料;
[29:33.64]it is also about how we think about the world.
[29:35.67]它同样也涉及到我们 怎样认识这个世界.
[29:37.70]Now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace,
[29:39.99]既然我们正高速地发展 新技术,
[29:42.28]the true challenge is to find new ways of using it.
[29:44.64]真正的挑战在于寻找新 的使用途径.
[29:46.99]How will we use computers in the future?
[29:48.42]我们在未来将怎样使用 电脑?
[29:49.85]How will we use the Internet?
[29:51.13]我们将怎样使用互 联网?
[29:52.41]The real function will only be known
[29:53.83]真正的功能只有
[29:55.24]once we discover new ways of thinking about the technology.
[29:56.74]等我们发现了认知这个 技术的新方法才为世人 所知.