电脑英语计算机是如何工作的？

（单词翻译）

　　[00:00.00]Chapter 4   How does a computer work?
[00:02.81]第四章 计算机是如何工作的？
[00:05.62]Dialogue
[00:07.76]A: Mark ,your computer has just turned off all by itself!
[00:11.18]马克，你的电脑刚刚自己关掉了！
[00:14.60]B:Actually ,it just went into energy saver mode.
[00:17.10]其实，它只是进入省电状态罢了。
[00:19.59]A:Energy saver mode, what's that?
[00:22.37]省电状态？那是什么？
[00:25.16]B:If the processor hasn't received any input¹ for a certain period of time ,it turns off the monitor.
[00:30.05]如果处理器有一段时间没有接到任何输入的话，就会把显示器关掉。
[00:34.95]All you have to do to turn it on again is move the mouse or hit a key on the deyboard.
[00:38.65]想要再打开，只要动一下鼠标或碰一下键盘上任何一个键就可以了。
[00:42.34]Dialogue   2
[00:43.70]句型2
[00:45.06]A: So, you've decided² to get a laptop computer?
[00:47.41]那么，你决定买笔记本电脑了？
[00:49.76]B: That's right, It's more expensive and harder to fix,but I'm on the road so much.
[00:54.35]是的。虽然比较贵而且也不太容易维修，不过我经常跑来跑去。
[00:58.93]I have to have something I can take with me.
[01:00.89]我必须要买可以随身携带的。
[01:02.85]Dialogue   3
[01:04.00]句型3
[01:05.15]A: Did you get your new laptop yet?
[01:06.96]你买新笔记本电脑了没有？
[01:08.78]B: No, I've done some shopping ,but it's hard to decide .
[01:11.24]没有。我逛了一下，可是很难决定。
[01:13.69]A:Why's that?
[01:14.91]为什么？
[01:16.12]B: Well, I've found one that I like quite a bit, It has 15-inch screen with good resolution.
[01:21.10]嗯，我看到了一台很喜欢的。15英寸的屏幕，解析度不错。
[01:26.07]but it doesn't have a built-in-CD-ROM.
[01:27.82]但没有内置的光盘驱动器。
[01:29.57]The other has both a floppy³ drive and CD-ROM  built-in.
[01:32.42]另外一台，含有内置的软件盘驱动器以及光盘驱动器。
[01:35.27]but the screen is small and it's just too heavy.
[01:37.12]不过屏幕太小了，而且也太重。
[01:38.98]A: I guess you can't have the best of both worlds.
[01:41.58]我想鱼与熊掌难以兼得。
[01:44.18]B: I guess not.
[01:45.18]我想也是。
[01:46.19]Dialogue   4
[01:47.48]句型4
[01:48.77]A: I like storing my pictures on disc because it gives me lots of options.
[01:52.22]我喜欢把照片储存在CD中，有很多的方便。
[01:55.67]B: What sort of options does it give you?
[01:57.42]什么样的方便呢？
[01:59.17]A: Well, first of all, it provides a safe, compact place to store them.
[02:02.45]嗯，首先，它提供一个安全而集中的储存空间。
[02:05.73]Second,I can do lots of fun things with them with the image-editing software I have.
[02:09.67]第二，我可以利用现有的摄像编辑软件做出很多有趣的事来。
[02:13.62]B: Is there anything else?
[02:14.77]还有呢？
[02:15.92]A: Well, if I want to, I can print them out later.
[02:18.51]哦，如果需要，事后也可以把它们印出来，
[02:21.11]or I can also use the computer to present them as a slide show for my friends.
[02:24.74]或者也可以直接在电脑屏幕上放出来给朋友看，就像放幻灯片一样。
[02:28.38]passage      How does a computer work?
[02:30.73]计算机是如何工作的？
[02:33.08]professional  terms
[02:34.27]专业术语
[02:35.45]diskette  n.
[02:37.00]磁盘
[02:38.54]memory  n.
[02:40.00]存储器，记忆
[02:41.46]processor  n.
[02:43.11]处理机，处理程序
[02:44.75]keyboard  n.
[02:46.65]键盘
[02:48.54]manipulate v.
[02:50.58]操作，操纵，处理
[02:52.62]A computer is controlled by a stored program
[02:55.40]计算机是受存储程序控制的。
[02:58.18]thus ,the first step in using the machine is copying the program from diskette into memory.
[03:02.48]因此使用计算机的第一步是把程序从软盘上拷贝到内存中，
[03:06.78]Now ,the processor can begin executing instructions.
[03:09.17]处理器就能开始执行指令了。
[03:11.56]Input data from the keyboard are stored memory.
[03:14.36]从键盘输入的数据也被存在了主存中。
[03:17.17]The processor manipulates the data.
[03:18.82]处理器加工数据。
[03:20.46]Storing the results back into memory.
[03:22.00]把结果送回主存。
[03:23.55]Finally ,the results are output.
[03:25.48]最后输出结果。
[03:27.41]notes
[03:28.07]注意事项
[03:28.72]A computer is controlled by a stored program: thus the first step in using the machine is copying the the program from diskette into memory.
[03:34.83]计算机是存储程序控制的，因此使用计算机的第一步是把程序从软盘上拷贝到内存中。
[03:40.94]Professional Terms
[03:42.16]专业术语
[03:43.37]content n.
[03:44.98]内容，目录
[03:46.59]invoice  n.
[03:48.77]发票，发货票
[03:50.95]collection  n.
[03:52.84]收集物，收藏品
[03:54.74]chart  n.
[03:56.45]图（表）
[03:58.16]joystick  n.
[04:00.47]操纵杆
[04:02.78]imaginary  a.
[04:04.72]想象中的；假想的
[04:06.65]Memory's contents are easy to change.
[04:08.79]主存中的内容很容易改变。
[04:10.93]Thus, when one set of data has been processed, the program can be repeated.
[04:14.28]因此，当一组数据被处理完后，程序还可以重复使用，
[04:17.62]reading and processing new data, and generating new output.
[04:20.30]再读入和处理新的数据，并得到新的结果。
[04:22.97]If the data can be changed , why not the program?
[04:25.76]如果数据能改变，程序为什么不能被改变？
[04:28.54]When a program is finished, a new one can take its place in memory, allowing the computer to process completely different data.
[04:36.52]当一个程序运行完后，另一个新程序就占据了它在主存中的位置，让计算机去处理完全不同的数据。
[04:44.50]One minute it can generate paychecks from labor⁴ data under control of a payroll⁵ program.
[04:48.27]某一时刻计算机能在工资管理程序的控制下，根据员工的数据产生工资单。
[04:52.05]The next minute, it can prepare bills from invoices⁶ under control of a billing program.
[04:55.78]接着计算机又能在帐目管理程序的控制下，从各种数据中产生所需帐单。
[04:59.52]Later, this same colletion of components⁷ ,controlled by yet another program, can read statistical⁸ data and produce a bar chart.
[05:05.88]以后，仍是这台计算机，还可以其它程序的控制下，读入统计数据，产生一个柱状图表，
[05:12.24]or sense the movements of a joystick and manipulate the position of an imaginary spaceship on a display screen.
[05:18.81]或者指示操纵杆的运动方向，操控一个假想的宇宙飞船在屏幕上的位置。
[05:25.38]Professional Terms
[05:26.39]专业术语
[05:27.39]input device
[05:29.68]输入设备
[05:31.96]output device
[05:34.67]输出设备
[05:37.37]pulse  n.
[05:38.98]脉冲
[05:40.58]The physical components of a computer-the processor, memory ,input devices ,and output devices-are its hardware.
[05:46.87]计算机的物理部件处理器、存储器、输入设备和输出设备是它的硬件。
[05:53.15]You can see them ,touch them and feel them.
[05:55.96]人们看到综们，摸到它们，感觉到它们的存在。
[05:58.77]Programs and data are different ,existing only as electronic pulses stored in memory.
[06:03.42]程序和数据则不同，它们仅作为电脉冲存在于存储器中。
[06:08.07]Software is a general term for program.
[06:10.25]软件是程序的常用术语。
[06:12.43]Professional Terms
[06:13.64]专业术语
[06:14.86]interface⁹  n.
[06:16.57]接口，连接
[06:18.28]lay-out
[06:20.28]布置，布局图片
[06:22.28]assign   v.
[06:24.24]赋值，指定
[06:26.19]spreadsheet  n.
[06:28.34]图表
[06:30.48]behind the scene
[06:33.22]幕后
[06:35.96]The Hardware/Software Interface
[06:37.90]软件与硬件的接口
[06:39.83]When you think of software, you probably think of application programs.
[06:42.78]当你想到软件，也许想到的是应用程序。
[06:45.73]They support end-user functions, allowing people to perform such tasks as playing a game ,writing a paper ,laying out a spreadsheet, or generating paychecks.
[06:53.51]应用程序支持终端用户的功能，使用户完成如下一些任务：玩游戏、写文章、编排一个图表或产生一个帐单等。
[07:01.28]Another type of software ,called system software, performs its assigned tasks behind the scenes.
[07:05.72]另一类软件称为系统软件，在前台完成赋予它的任务。
[07:10.16]An excellent example is the operating system found on most computers.
[07:13.58]大多数计算机上的操作系统就是典型的一例。
[07:17.00]An operating system serves as an interface ,bridging the gap between hardware and application software.
[07:24.49]操作系统作为一个接口，在硬件和应用软件之间搭起一座桥梁。
[07:31.97]Professional Terms
[07:33.16]专业术语
[07:34.35]operating system
[07:36.59]操作系统
[07:38.84]exactly  adv.
[07:41.02]确切的，精确的
[07:43.20]involve v.
[07:45.24]包含，涉及
[07:47.28]logic¹⁰  n.
[07:48.96]逻辑
[07:50.65]load  v.
[07:52.36]装入，加载
[07:54.07]What exactly does an operating system do? Basically ,it performs a number of supporting functions.
[08:00.78]操作系统究竟是干什么的呢？从根本上讲，它施行一些支持功能。
[08:07.50]For example, suppose an application program is stored on a disk
[08:10.95]例如，假设应用程序存储在磁盘上。
[08:14.39]before the program can be executed, it must be copied into the main memory first.
[08:18.73]它在被执行前，必须制到主存储器中，
[08:23.07]because the program that controls a computer must be in the main memory.
[08:27.19]因为控制计算机的程序必须要在主存储器中。
[08:31.32]The process of copying a program from disk to memory involves considerable logic.
[08:35.97]把程序从磁盘复制到主存的过程涉及重要的逻辑。
[08:40.62]The source of a computer's logic is software.
[08:43.65]计算机的逻辑源来自软件。
[08:46.68]Thus ,if the application program is to be loaded, there must be a program in the memory to control the loading process.
[08:54.03]因此，如果要装入应用程序，必须在主存中有一个控制加载过程的程序。
[09:01.39]That program is the operation system.
[09:04.52]这个程序就属于操作系统。
[09:07.66]Chapter 5 Windows
[09:09.59]第五章  视窗操作系统
[09:11.52]Dialogue 1
[09:13.03]句型1
[09:14.53]A:Your desktop¹¹ looks different from how it used to look.
[09:16.77]你的电脑桌面看起来跟以前的不一样。
[09:19.02]B:Yeah, I just installed windows98.
[09:20.95]是的。我刚安装了视窗98。
[09:22.89]It has a few new features that make it look different .
[09:25.38]有几项新特点，所以看起来不一样。
[09:27.88]Dialogue  2
[09:29.13]句型2
[09:30.38]A:I didn't know Windows 2000 was already on the market.
[09:33.02]我不知道视窗2000已经上市了。
[09:35.66]B:Well, this is a beta version, but it works pertty well.
[09:38.44]嗯，这是试用版，不过蛮好用的。
[09:41.22]A: I think I'll wait for the real thing to come out.
[09:43.41]我想等正版出来再说。
[09:45.59]Dialogue  3
[09:46.80]句型3
[09:48.02]A: I think my computer is slowing me down at work.
[09:50.37]我想，有了电脑反而拖延了我的工作。
[09:52.72]B:Why is that?
[09:53.52]怎么回事？
[09:54.31]A: I spent all morning setting its wallpaper, screen saver sound files and icons¹² just the way I like them.
[10:00.74]整个早上我都设定背景画面、屏幕保护程序、声音和图标，把它们弄成我喜欢的样子。
[10:07.16]When I got done ,there wasn't time to do anything else!
[10:10.22]等到搞定了，也没有什么时间做别的了。
[10:13.28]Dilogue   4
[10:14.47]句型4
[10:15.65]A:Do you have something against Microsoft?
[10:17.76]你对微软是不是有什么反感？
[10:19.86]B: I don't necessarily have anything against them.
[10:21.71]没有必要反感他们啊。
[10:23.57]A:But you don't have anything for them either?
[10:25.85]但是也没有什么好感吧？
[10:28.14]B: No, actually Microsoft has done some very good things for the computer industry.
[10:31.80]是没有。其实微软对电脑业有不少贡献。
[10:35.45]I would just like to see them have some competition.
[10:37.88]我只是想看有人与他们竞争。
[10:40.31]Windows works all right,but it could still use a lot of improvement, and that probably won't happen without some competition.
[10:46.43]视窗还算好用，不过还是有不少改进的余地，没有竞争就不可能有进步。
[10:52.54]Passage    WINDOWS
[10:54.25]视窗操作系统
[10:55.96]Professional  Terms
[10:57.03]专业术语
[10:58.10]application  n.
[10:59.71]应用，应用程序
[11:01.32]exploit  vt.
[11:03.35]利用
[11:05.39]integrate   vt.
[11:07.25]使结合
[11:09.10]tremendous  a.
[11:11.20]惊人的，巨大的
[11:13.31]Windows is an extension of DOS.
[11:15.24]Windows是DOS的一种扩展。
[11:17.17]By utilizing¹³ Windows, you expand all the features of DOS.
[11:20.45]利用Windows，就可以扩大DOS的全部功能特性。
[11:23.73]In addition, Windows allows you to execute multiple programs simultaneously¹⁴.
[11:27.82]此外，Windows可以允许用户同时运行多个程序，
[11:31.91]quickly changing from one application to another.
[11:34.11]可以很快地从一个应用程序转移到另一个应用程序。
[11:36.32]and to integrate multiple packages, exploitiong the best features of each.
[11:40.09]而且Windows还允许用户把多个软件包结合起来，以便利用每个软件包的最佳特性。
[11:43.87]If you have used Microsoft Windows, you probably are already sold on its tremendous flexibility¹⁵.
[11:49.24]如果你已经使用过Microsoft windows，可能你已经认同了它强大的灵活性。
[11:54.61]If you have not used Windows, you will find that it is more than worth its cost, for several reasons.
[11:59.83]如果你还没有用过，你将会发现，有好几个理由可以说明它的作用要比它的表面价值要高。
[12:05.05]Most important , Microsoft Windows lays the foundation for future PC operatiing systems.
[12:09.93]最重要的理由是，Microsoft Windows为未来PC机的操作系统奠定了基础。
[12:14.80]Windows,like DOS,is written in the C language.
[12:17.61]Windows像DOS那样，也是用C语言编写的。
[12:20.41]Many programmers will benefit from having the ability to interface applications to Windows,
[12:24.19]很多程序员将因具有能力使应用程序与Windows之间有接口而受益。
[12:27.96]In the future, you will see many more programs integrated into Windows.
[12:31.06]在未来，将可以看到更多的程序结合到Windows之中。
[12:34.16]Professional Terms
[12:35.30]专业术语
[12:36.45]burden  n.
[12:38.16]负担
[12:39.88]icon  n.
[12:41.52]图标，画像
[12:43.17]novice  n.
[12:45.06]新手，初学者
[12:46.96]Before proceeding¹⁶ into the examination of windows,
[12:49.38]在着手对Windows考察之前，
[12:51.81]it is important to establish a foundation for the thought processes used to develop Windows and the goals Windows attempts to meet.
[12:57.78]重要的是要建立一个思考步骤的基础，以便来阐述Windows及其满足的目标。
[13:03.75]First, many PC users are not familiar with the DOS commands, nor do they desire to be.
[13:08.15]第一，很多PC机用户既不熟悉DOS命令，也不想去熟悉。
[13:12.56]The first goal of Windows is to relieve users off the burden of having to memorize and understand DOS command and their various operations.
[13:19.09]所以，Windows的第一个目标就是，减轻用户必须要记住并理解DOS各种命令及选项的负担。
[13:25.62]As you will see, Windows has replaced the DOS prompt with pull-down menus and dialog boxes.
[13:29.77]正如你会看到的那样，Windows已经用下拉式菜单和对话框取代了DOS提示符。
[13:33.92]DOS commands are represented by Windows'icons,and Windows,supports a mouse interface.
[13:38.36]DOS命令由Windows图标所代表，而且Windows还支持一种鼠标界面。
[13:42.80]Windows, makes the interface to the computer easy for novices¹⁷ to use and,therefore,non-threatening.,
[13:48.38]Windows使得计算机界面易于为计算机新手所使用，因而没有压力。
[13:53.96]This has ,in turn reduced the time it takes to train users on systems new to them.
[13:58.30]这反过来也就减轻了用户使用新系统所需的培训时间。
[14:02.63]Professional Terms
[14:03.99]专业术语
[14:05.35]calculator  n.
[14:07.24]计算器
[14:09.14]notepad n.
[14:10.85]记事本
[14:12.56]Second, Windows allows you to run multiple programs at one time.
[14:15.65]第二，Windows允许用户同时使用多个程序。
[14:18.75]A computer with the ability to execute several programs simultaneously is called a time-sharing system.
[14:23.79]一台计算机如果具有同时执行多个程序的能力，则被称为分时系统。
[14:28.83]Later we will further examine how Windows performs time-sharing.
[14:31.64]稍后，我们还要进一步探讨Windows如何进行分时操作，
[14:34.45]Third ,Windows is called a desktop system.
[14:36.76]第三，Windows被称为桌面系统。
[14:39.07]Windows provides many of the abilities normally associated with items on your desk ,such as a notepad ,calculator and calendar.
[14:45.79]Windows具有很多处理一般与桌面有关项目的能力，如记事本、计算器和日历。
[14:52.50]Professional Terms
[14:53.61]专业术语
[14:54.72]distinct  a.
[14:56.51]个别的，性质不同的
[14:58.30]individual  n.
[15:00.40]个人
[15:02.50]region  n.
[15:04.22]区（域）
[15:05.93]As previously¹⁸ stated, Windows allows you to run multiple programs simultaneously with each Window appearing as an individual screen.
[15:12.25]正如前面所说，Windows允许同时运行多个程序，而且每个就象一个单独的屏幕一样。
[15:18.57]For example ,if you are running three programs simultaneously ,in a general way.
[15:21.91]举例说，如果你同时运行三个程序，在一般情况下，
[15:25.26]you have to run on three individual screens.
[15:27.29]你必须在三台独立的计算机上运行。
[15:29.33]With Windows, each of the applicatios runs on the same computer ,dividing the screen into three distinct regions.
[15:34.84]如果采用Windows，每个应用程序通过把屏幕划分成三个不同的区域，就可以同一台计算机上运行。
[15:40.36]Windows works by time-sharing the central processing unit(CPU).
[15:43.49]Windows是通过中央处理器的分时运行而工作的。
[15:46.63]Each time a program runs,the CPU finds the instructions for the program in memory and execute them.
[15:51.81]每当一个程序运行时，CPU在存储器中一旦发现了针对某程序的指令，就会执行这些指令。
[15:57.00]Professional Terms
[15:58.32]专业术语
[15:59.63]character  n.
[16:01.20]字符
[16:02.77]Because of the tremendous speed of today's computers.
[16:04.98]由于当今的计算机具有惊人的运算速度，
[16:07.18]the CPU spends the majority of its idle time, waiting to perform additional processing.
[16:11.45]CPU会耗费大部分空闲时间，为的是等待执行另外的处理。
[16:15.73]For example,if you are using a word processing program,
[16:18.57]例如，如果你正在使用一个文字处理程序，
[16:21.42]the CPU spends the majority of its time waiting for you type in characters at the keyboard.
[16:25.22]CPU会耗费大部分时间等待你在键盘上键入字符。
[16:29.02]During a 1-second period,the CPU may be processing only 25% of the time.
[16:33.79]在一秒钟的时间中，CPU进行处理的时间，可能只占25％的时间。