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动词的语态

时间:2011-09-22 08:45:20

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(单词翻译)

动词的语态

.概念:

   动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由 助动词be+过去分词 构成,有人称,,时态的变化.

一. 相关知识点精讲

1. let 的用法

 1)当let后只有一个单音节动词,变被动语态时,可用不带to 的不定式。例如:

They let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。

---> The strange was let go.

 2)当let 后宾补较长时,let 通常不用被动语态,而用allowpermit 代替。例如:

   The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。

   ----> I was allowed / permitted1 to see my classmate in the hospital.

2.短语动词的被动语态

   短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如:

  My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。

  Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。

3. 表示"据说""相信" 的词组,基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如:

  It is said that…   据说  

It is reported that… 据报道   

It is believed that… 大家相信     

It is hoped that… 大家希望

It is well known2 that… 众所周知  

It is thought that… 大家认为

It is suggested that… 据建议     

It is taken granted3 that…  被视为当然 

It has been decided4 that… 大家决定  

It must be remember that… 务必记住的是

4. 不用被动语态的情况

 1) 不及物动词或不及物动词短语,如appear, die disappear, endvi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。例如:

   After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后,我家烧得所剩无几。

   比较:rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。

  要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

  2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语,如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如:

 This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。

     Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。

  3) 系动词无被动语态,如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如:It sounds good. 听上去不错。

  4) 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream live/life等,以及反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态。例如:

She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。

  5) 当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。例如:

    (对) She likes to swim.

    (错) To swim is liked by her.

 5. 主动形式表示被动意义

 1wash, clean, cook, iron5, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如:

   The book sells well.  这本书销路好。

   This knife cuts easily.  这刀子很好用。

 2blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。例如:

   I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了,我该受指责。

   Much work remains6. 还有许多活要干。

 3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve7后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如:

   The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。

   This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

4)特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)等。例如:

     Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些,让别人理解你的话。

6. 被动形式表示主动意义, be determined8, be pleased, be graduated from, be prepared for, be occupied in, get married等。例如:

  He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。

  注意:表示同某人结婚,用marry sb. get married to sb.均可。例如:

  He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。

  He got married to a rich girl.

7.need/want/require/worth

  当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时,表示的是被动意义。例如:

    Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。

    The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。

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1 permitted dc103d75e269b8c2bb112e8a59761bcf     
允许( permit的过去式和过去分词 ); 许可; 许用
参考例句:
  • Radios are not permitted in the library. 图书馆内不许使用收音机。
  • Entrance is permitted only on production of a ticket. 出示门票才可进入。
2 known hpKzdc     
adj.大家知道的;知名的,已知的
参考例句:
  • He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
  • He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。
3 granted fc00fa278c75792efc28397308b9ad6e     
conj.假定,就算v.(退一步)承认( grant的过去式和过去分词 );(尤指正式地或法律上)同意;准许;让渡
参考例句:
  • The president granted a general amnesty for all political prisoners. 总统大赦了所有的政治犯。
  • She feared she would not be granted re-entry into Britain. 她担心不会获准再次踏足英伦。
4 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
5 iron raHzm     
n.铁,熨斗,坚强,烙铁,镣铐;vt.烫平,熨,用铁包;vi. 烫衣服
参考例句:
  • The iron has lost its magnetic force.这块铁已失去了磁力。
  • We need an electrician to mend the iron.我们要请电工修理熨斗。
6 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
7 deserve owaxR     
vt.应受,值得;vi. 应受报答,值得受赏
参考例句:
  • You really deserve a good beating,you naughty boy.你这个调皮孩子真该打。
  • I do not deserve all the praises bestowed upon me.我不配得到这些赞扬。
8 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

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