英语听力文摘 English Digest 27、狗和狼

（单词翻译）

　　Don: Who's the smartest dog in the whole wide world?
DOG BARKING
Yael: Please. Even if Ralph is the smartest dog in the world, that's not saying much. Any animal that will do exactly what you tell it to do isn't very smart. I'm not saying dogs  weren't intelligent creatures in their distant past, before they were domesticated¹. But now wolves are much smarter than dogs.
D: It's true that in a test a wolf will perform whatever task necessary to get to a piece of  meat, whereas a dog, if in the presence of its owner, will typically wait for      permission. But that doesn't mean that wolves are smarter than dogs, Yael. A dog's  attentiveness² to its owner might be an important kind of intelligence.
Y: Nice try, Don, but I'm not buying it.
D: Listen to this. In an experiment, graduate students studying animal behavior were  given either a puppy or a wolf cub³ to raise. Several months later, the animals were      offered a piece of meat, but to get to it, they had to pull a rope to remove the meat from under a cage. Both the dogs and the wolves mastered this task without trouble.      The rope was then anchored, so that retrieving⁴ the meat was impossible. The wolves  pulled at the rope until they were exhausted⁵. The dogs, however, gave up after a few      tries and looked to their caregivers for help.
Y: Giving up makes dogs smart?
D: It shows that dogs have an innate⁶ ability and motivation to communicate with humans in finding food. They're as interested in eating as wolves are, but they seem to      understand that paying attention to humans can help them get what they want. Right, Ralph?
DOG BARKING