最新版英语听力教程 Model Test10-part c

（单词翻译）

　　[00:03.58]You will hear three pieces of recorded material.
[00:08.33]Before listening to each one,you will have
[00:12.41]time to read the questions related to it.
[00:16.85]While listening,answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D.
[00:23.41]After listening,you'll have time to check your answers.
[00:28.87]You will hear each piece once only.
[00:33.12]M:Questions 11-13 are based on the following speech on the Pre-school Years
[00:40.10]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.
[00:46.45]W:In recent years,a growing emphasis has been
[00:53.84]placed on what have been termed the" pre-school" years and in
[00:58.70]many societies throughout the world,
[01:02.64]for a variety of social,economic and political reasons,
[01:07.29]governments are facing increasing pressure
[01:11.44]to provide more funds for properly organised
[01:16.62]and controlled nursery care.
[01:20.27]Parents have become aware not only of the educational advantages
[01:25.73]but also of the obvious economic justification¹
[01:31.19]of the provision of nursery education
[01:35.45]which will enable mothers to return to work much sooner
[01:40.81]than would otherwise have been the case.
[01:44.75]The provision of pre-school educational
[01:48.72]facilities varies enormously from country to country.
[01:53.87]In both America and England,pressure from parents has resulted
[01:59.20]in considerable development of play-school,kindergartens
[02:04.97]which have evolved privately² in response to local demand
[02:10.85]and which only now are receiving somewhat
[02:15.39]belated attention and interest from the state department.
[02:20.75]A prime economic mover in this post-war development
[02:26.52]is the ever growing number of women who for financial
[02:31.56]or professional reasons--or both--
[02:35.40]want to return to work as quickly as possible
[02:40.08]Gone are the days when a wife and mother fulfilled those roles alone.
[02:46.03]Many women still choose to remain at home
[02:51.21]until the children reach school age,
[02:55.57]but an increasing number of women
[02:59.72]are now opting³ to return to work if the nursery facilities are available.
[03:05.47]No longer is it automatically assumed that the mother must stay at home
[03:11.24]with her children.
[03:14.40]The post-war acceptance of working wives
[03:19.26]has in its way revolutionised attitudes towards pre-school education,
[03:25.43]but this in turn has brought about a reaction.
[03:29.79]W:Questions 14-16 are based on a monologue⁴.
[03:34.75]You now have 20 seconds to read Questions14-16
[03:40.81]M:Populations tend to grow at a dramatic rate.
[03:47.16]This means that they progressively double.
[03:51.60]As an example of this type of growth rate,
[03:56.25]take one penny and double it every day for one month.
[04:01.11]After the first week,you would have only 64 cents,
[04:06.86]but after the fourth week you would have over a million dollars
[04:12.63]This helps explain why the population has come on "all of a sudden".
[04:18.98]It took from the beginning of human life
[04:23.55]to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion.
[04:29.61]That represents a time span of at least two million years.
[04:35.49]Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion.
[04:43.25]The next billion was added by 1960,
[04:48.10]only thirty years and in 1975 world population reached 4 billion
[04:55.86]which is another billion people in only fifteen years.
[05:01.32]World population is increasing at a rate of 9,000 per hour,
[05:07.77]220,000 per day,80 million per year.
[05:13.55]This is not only due to higher birth rates,but to lower death rates as well
[05:19.50]The number of births has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths
[05:25.85]Some countries,such as Columbia,Thailand,Morocco,Costa Rica,and the Philippines,
[05:32.98]are doubling their populations about every twenty-one years
[05:38.34]with a growth rate of 3.3 percent a year or more.
[05:43.51]The United States is doubling its population about every eighty-seven years,
[05:50.07]with a rate of 0.8 percent per year.
[05:54.93]Every time a population doubles,
[05:58.69]the country involved needs twice as much of everything,
[06:03.44]including hospitals,schools,resources,food and medicine to care for its people
[06:10.81]It is easy to see that this is very difficult
[06:14.96]to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries.
[06:19.82]M:Questions 17-20 are based on an interview in which California
[06:26.48]artist James R.Proctor begins with a discussion of his paintings.
[06:33.04]You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.
[06:39.10]W:What is your idea for this painting,Mr.Proctor?
[06:44.72]M:The work is based on the oriental idea
[06:49.36]that we all exist as part of a whole or absolute being
[06:55.14]W:How does the painting show that all things are in some way connected?
[07:00.49]M:You know,every shape line,and pattern's related to the whole nothing stands alone
[07:07.65]This emphasis on the interrelationship
[07:12.09]of everything can also be seen in the concept of time and space.
[07:17.86]Shapes and movements in the horizontals denote space,
[07:23.01]while in the verticals⁶ they denote time.
[07:28.05]W:Do the circles have a particular meaning here?
[07:32.70]M:The circle represents the absolute or the whole.
[07:37.67]It appears to break under pressure from outside,
[07:42.81]only to return to wholeness as it moves farther upward in time
[07:49.05]W:Are the shapes moving both in space and time?
[07:53.70]M:Yes.All elements move rhythmically⁷.
[07:58.56]The strong shapes and values provide impressive contrast.
[08:04.34]Yet,together,they create a kind of pulling.
[08:08.99]Within the shapes,there is baroque explosiveness,
[08:13.84]but this is also held back,or controlled.
[08:19.30]W:Baroque explosiveness?  M:Yes,
[08:23.67]the word baroque meaning "braking all barriers."
[08:29.13]W:Is the strong horizontal or vertical⁵ line the barrier?
[08:34.69]M:Yes,it is.
[08:37.64]It's basically a break or a dividing line going through the subject plane.
[08:44.02]And there might be a
[08:47.86]very strong horizontal and a very strong vertical at the same time.
[08:53.81]W:Are viewers of the painting on one side of the barrier?
[08:58.96]M:No,they should be able to jump back and forth⁸.
[09:03.61]In other words,you can come on this
[09:07.37]side or on the other side of the barrier and look through it.
[09:12.44]W:Does the barrier mean that you see a broken universe in your painting?
[09:18.79]M:Not really.
[09:21.95]I don't necessarily feel that it's broken.
[09:26.07]In other words,I think that art visually should cause certain
[09:31.82]hostile reaction in the viewer
[09:35.48]And that line running through there'll create that hostility,in most people
[09:42.64]W:Is that the reaction you want from your viewer?
[09:47.18]M:Sometimes,yes.
[09:50.71]I look at a negative reaction--
[09:55.17]"Oh,my God,that is,"
[09:59.43]or "He doesn't know what he's doing,
[10:04.19]"or"I don't like it"---and I feel that is high praise.
[10:10.85]W:Your work has changed a lot during your career as an artist.
[10:16.10]For example,at the end of high school your paintings of plants and other
[10:21.66]nature subjects were very realistic.
[10:26.21]What made you move away from this kind of work?
[10:30.47]M:My own inner feelings--basically,
[10:34.62]my study of oriental philosophies.