VOA标准英语2012--In Fast-Moving World, Slow-Going Barges Ply US Waterways

（单词翻译）

In Fast-Moving World, Slow-Going Barges² Ply³ US Waterways
 
These days, words like “speed,” “flexibility⁴,” and “high-tech⁵” describe the American culture - and a lot of the nation’s business operations.
But not one that’s based on the nation’s inland rivers.
The companies that control the 21,000 barges that towboats and tugboats push and pull along big rivers such as the Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee in America’s midsection have none of those attributes.
Barges move ever so slowly - about 9.5 kilometers [6 miles] an hour. There’s not much flexibility in what they do: the rivers are where they are, and strings⁶ of 60-meter [195-foot]-long barges get to their destination in their own sweet time.
Or late, due to floods, low water, or problems that arise in the old and creaky locks along the big rivers.
There’s a lot of waiting and patience involved in the barge¹ business, in other words.
About the only high-tech features involve safety onboard and coordination⁷ of delivery of coal, chemicals, and grain from their source to river ports for loading.
Otherwise, the barges that carry about 1,700 tons of cargo⁸ apiece - 15 times the tonnage of a railcar and 40 times more than a truck can carry - are pretty much the same as they were in the 1920s.
That’s when the U.S. Army Corps⁹ of Engineers began dredging America’s large inland waterways to create deep channels to accommodate barge traffic.
Barges haul about five percent of the nation’s bulk tonnage, and business is relatively¹⁰ good.
Grain production has been booming, although more and more of the nation’s corn stays put on dry land for conversion¹¹ to ethanol.
And the Ohio, in particular, is still jammed with coal barges feeding coal-fired power plants along the river.
But lucrative¹² traffic in containers arriving from overseas has mostly bypassed the rivers in favor of roads, despite the higher cost of trucks and trains. Why? Because, unlike barge companies and captains, container shippers and their customers are in a hurry.