VOA标准英语2012--BRICS Nations Weigh Development Funding 金砖峰会施压国际货币基金组织和世行改革

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Development funding was a major topic at the BRICS Summit in New Delhi. Leaders of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa moved a step closer to forming their own development bank. However, they did not indicate they wanted to replace the work being done by the World Bank.

发展资金是新德里金砖五国峰会一个主要的议题。巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非的领导人们距形成他们的发展银行更近一步。然而,他们没有明确表示想要取代世界银行正在做的工作。

John Kirton, head of the BRICS Research Group, said leaders sent a clear message about establishing a development bank.

金砖国家研究小组的领导人约翰?科顿称领导人们表达出想要建立发展银行的明确信息。

“In the first instance, they said we’ll work as hard as we can to raise the resources available for the World Bank. So they put the good old World Bank first as the source of where they wanted to invest their money to do development. Then they said we’re going to give ourselves another year to design a BRICS development bank. So this is not a precipitous rush as a reaction to the fact that, well, we don’t like another American being appointed head of the World Bank,” he said.

“第一个例子,他们称我们会竭尽所能努力为世界银行提高可用的资源。他们把好的老旧世界银行放在首位作为资源,他们想把钱用于投资发展。然后他们称我们要给自己一年的时间,设计金砖发展银行。所以作为一种对事实的反应这并不是险峻的高峰,嗯,我们不喜欢另一位美国人被任命领导世界银行。”他说道。

President Obama has nominated Dartmouth College President Dr. Jim Yong Kim to be the next World Bank president.

奥巴马总统已经提名达特茅斯学院的金辰勇博士成为下一任世行行长。

Gaining some leverage¹

Kirton said, “If you look at guidelines for the design of the BRICS bank, it was clearly a BRICS bank that would lend to not just BRICS countries, but poor countries throughout Africa at least. So it is that spirit of inclusiveness.”

科顿说道:“如果你看过金砖银行的指南,那么就会发现显然它将不仅仅涉及金砖国家,而是至少包括整个非洲的贫穷国家。因此这是一种包容精神。”

Leaders of the BRICS countries at New Delhi summit. 

But Kirton, who attended the summit, believes the proposed development bank gives the BRICS countries some leverage.

但参加了此次峰会的科顿相信该发展银行会为金砖国家带来深远影响。

“I think behind it is a grand bargain. Look—we’ve got all this money we’re going to put into a development bank. If the World Bank reforms enough on time we’ll put it there. But if not, a year from now we’re going to put it into our new own BRICS bank. In the raw politics of it, they’re basically saying, OK, South Africa—it’s your call, because a year from now South Africa is chairing the next BRICS summit,” he said.

“我认为这后面是一桩大买卖。看我们已经得到所有的钱,我们要将其投入到开展银行中去。如果世界银行改革及时我们将会把它放在那里。但如果不是,从现在起的一年,我们要把它投入到我们自己的金砖银行中去。在原始的政治中,他们基本上说,好吧,南非该你上场了,因为从现在起的一年内南非将会主持下届金砖峰会。”他说道。

Full-fledged member

Some have questioned South Africa’s inclusion in the group. However, Kirton said South Africa is considered a full-fledged member.

有些人质疑南非的融入。然而,科顿称南非被看作是一个完整的成员。

“They survived, as did their BRICS buddies², the great American turned global financial crisis without their own financial system seizing up. They’ve got a very sound financial system based on four big banks. Their financial system is quite closely connected to London. So their banking³ system is of international quality, top tier, whereas China’s and Russia’s is not. And then you move outwards⁴ in finances in so many other things,” he said.

BRICS leaders expressed concern at what they call the slow pace of reforms at the International Monetary⁵ Fund, the IMF. They say they want the IMF to “enhance the voice of representation of emerging markets and developing countries” by next January.

金砖领导人对于IMF，即国际货币基金组织缓慢的改革脚步表示担心。他们敦促IMF在明年一月前“加快治理结构改革，以便更好地代表发展中国家。”

Overall, Kirton said the BRICS summit had a comprehensive agenda.

总的来说,科顿称金砖峰会的议事日程非常全面。

“A very long agenda – 50 paragraphs – is as broad as the G8. Much broader than just the G20, so it’s way ahead of the G20 in the breadth of the concerns it deals with. And thus it’s able to make the linkages⁶, which are more difficult for G20 to do,” he said.

“一个很长的议程- 50 段，和八国首脑峰会一样。比20国集团更为广泛,所以它涉及的问题是走在二十国集团的前面。因而它可以建立更加紧密的联系，这比二十国集团所做的更为困难。”他说道。

One of the linkages made at the BRICS summit was how the Iran nuclear issue could trigger much higher fuel prices and affect the global economic recovery.

金砖峰会建立的联系之一是伊朗核问题可能引发更高的燃料价格,而且影响全球经济的复苏。

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