VOA标准英语2013--Cluster Munitions Have Prolonged Impact

（单词翻译）

Cluster Munitions² Have Prolonged Impact

Mohamed is 13 years old. Two years ago, he played with a shiny metal object he found outside his home in Benghazi, Libya. He didn't know it was a cluster munition¹ until it exploded. 

Cluster munitions release smaller explosives across a wide area.

The bomblets can linger, causing death or injury long after a conflict ends.

"Children are really, really often affected³," said Antony Duttine. He is a rehabilitation⁴ adviser⁵ with Handicap International, an independent organization aiding the disabled in more than 60 countries.

His group helped rally support several years ago for an international treaty banning cluster-type weapons and requiring care for their victims. 

But many of the world's major military powers, including the United States, Russia and China, refuse to recognize the treaty, and Duttine says victim care is often challenging. "You're in areas which are really quite rural and miles and miles from the nearest medical facility. So there's the challenge of the immediate⁶ life-saving interventions," he stated.

Chris Harmer with the Institute for the Study of War says the real danger to civilians⁸ is that these weapons target indiscriminately. "Originally, they were designed to be used by one big army against another big army. Now that they're being used in close proximity⁹ to civilians is when you see the real humanitarian¹⁰ crisis," he added.

Duttine, of Handicap International, says the failure of many bomblets to detonate initially¹¹ can turn a civilian⁷ area into a mine field.

"A victim is not just the person who is directly affected by a mine, it's everybody in that community. They're affected from being [un]able to live their normal lives because areas of land are contaminated," Duttine explained. "And don't allow agricultural work to go on, don't allow access to the nearest health clinic, don't allow access to school."

Today, young Mohamed from Libya attends physical therapy for his hand. He's slowly getting better, but recovery, like cluster munition clean-up, is a long process.