专业术语—口腔生理学术语C1(英文详解)

时间：2006-06-21 16:00:00

（单词翻译:单击）

Calcium¹-binding proteins - proteins which have the ability to store calcium ions and to bind² onto calcium in the hydroxyapatite of the enamel³ surface.

Calculus⁴ - a hard deposit of calcified⁵ plaque⁶ which is found around the neck of the tooth. When it is above the free gingival margin⁷ (supra-gingival) it is white and chalky. When it is below (sub-gingival) it is dark and hard.

Candidiasis - an infection caused by Candida albicans, a normal commensal of the mouth; also called "thrush";

Capsule - a fibrous casing surrounding an organ or gland⁸; also a coating for some bacteria which protects them, from the bodies immune system. It is only the variety of Pneumococcus sp. which has a capsule which is able to pass the immune barrier and cause pneumonia⁹

Caries - the demineralisation, and breakdown¹⁰ of tooth structure by plaque acids.

Cariogenic - likely to cause caries. Sugar is cariogenic because it supports the growth of plaque

Carious plaque - types of plaque which are associated with caries .

Carnivorous - an animal whose diet consists of animal tissue.

CEJ - see cemento-enamel junction¹¹.

Cell junctions¹² - sites on the cell membrane¹³ where cells attach to neighbouring cells. There are three main types. 1. adhering junctions, which anchor cells to each other to resist separation. They may form a belt of adhesions between cells (as between muscle cells) or spot attachments¹⁴ like desmosomes which hold epithelial cells together. 2. tight junctions have no space between the membranes¹⁵ and allow no leakage¹⁶ between cells. They are found between cells of a secreting¹⁷ glands¹⁸ and between endothelial cells of blood vessels¹⁹ to prevent fluid leaking out. 3. gap junctions are channels which allow transfer of small molecules²⁰ like ions, sugars and amino acids, between cells.

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1 calcium
n.钙(化学符号Ca)
参考例句：
We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。 Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。

2 bind
vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬
参考例句：
I will let the waiter bind up the parcel for you.我让服务生帮你把包裹包起来。 He wants a shirt that does not bind him.他要一件不使他觉得过紧的衬衫。

3 enamel
n.珐琅，搪瓷，瓷釉；(牙齿的)珐琅质
参考例句：
I chipped the enamel on my front tooth when I fell over.我跌倒时门牙的珐琅质碰碎了。 He collected coloured enamel bowls from Yugoslavia.他藏有来自南斯拉夫的彩色搪瓷碗。

4 calculus
n.微积分；结石
参考例句：
This is a problem where calculus won't help at all.对于这一题，微积分一点也用不上。 After studying differential calculus you will be able to solve these mathematical problems.学了微积分之后，你们就能够解这些数学题了。

5 calcified
v.（使）钙化，（使）硬化( calcify的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
The rock calcified over the centuries. 经过几个世纪，石头发生了钙化。来自《简明英汉词典》 By age 10, 50% of patients have calcified cortical tubers. 10岁的时候，50%的病人出现钙化结节。来自互联网

6 plaque
n.饰板，匾，(医)血小板
参考例句：
There is a commemorative plaque to the artist in the village hall.村公所里有一块纪念该艺术家的牌匾。 Some Latin words were engraved on the plaque. 牌匾上刻着些拉丁文。

7 margin
n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘
参考例句：
We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。 The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。

8 gland
n.腺体，(机)密封压盖，填料盖
参考例句：
This is a snake's poison gland.这就是蛇的毒腺。 Her mother has an underactive adrenal gland.她的母亲肾上腺机能不全。

9 pneumonia
n.肺炎
参考例句：
Cage was struck with pneumonia in her youth.凯奇年轻时得过肺炎。 Pneumonia carried him off last week.肺炎上星期夺去了他的生命。

10 breakdown
n.垮，衰竭；损坏，故障，倒塌
参考例句：
She suffered a nervous breakdown.她患神经衰弱。 The plane had a breakdown in the air,but it was fortunately removed by the ace pilot.飞机在空中发生了故障，但幸运的是被王牌驾驶员排除了。

11 junction
n.连接，接合；交叉点，接合处，枢纽站
参考例句：
There's a bridge at the junction of the two rivers.两河的汇合处有座桥。 You must give way when you come to this junction.你到了这个路口必须让路。

12 junctions
联结点( junction的名词复数 )；会合点；（公路或铁路的）交叉路口；（电缆等的）主结点
参考例句：
Metals which were mutually soluble would tend to give strong junctions. 可互溶的金属趋向于产生牢固的结合点。 Some adhering junctions are present as narrow bands connecting two cells. 有些粘附连接以一窄带的形式连接两个细胞。

13 membrane
n.薄膜，膜皮，羊皮纸
参考例句：
A vibrating membrane in the ear helps to convey sounds to the brain.耳膜的振动帮助声音传送到大脑。 A plastic membrane serves as selective diffusion barrier.一层塑料薄膜起着选择性渗透屏障的作用。

14 attachments
n.（用电子邮件发送的）附件( attachment的名词复数 )；附着；连接；附属物
参考例句：
The vacuum cleaner has four different attachments. 吸尘器有四个不同的附件。 It's an electric drill with a range of different attachments. 这是一个带有各种配件的电钻。

15 membranes
n.（动物或植物体内的）薄膜( membrane的名词复数 )；隔膜；（可起防水、防风等作用的）膜状物
参考例句：
The waste material is placed in cells with permeable membranes. 废液置于有渗透膜的槽中。来自辞典例句 The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a system of intracellular membranes. 肌浆网属于细胞内膜系统。来自辞典例句

16 leakage
n.漏，泄漏；泄漏物；漏出量
参考例句：
Large areas of land have been contaminated by the leakage from the nuclear reactor.大片地区都被核反应堆的泄漏物污染了。 The continuing leakage is the result of the long crack in the pipe.这根管子上的那一条裂缝致使渗漏不断。

17 secreting
v.（尤指动物或植物器官）分泌( secrete的现在分词 )；隐匿，隐藏
参考例句：
It is also an endocrine gland secreting at least two important hormones. 它也是一种内分泌腺，至少分泌二种重要的激素。来自辞典例句 And some calcite-secreting organisms also add magnesium to the mix. 有些分泌方解石的生物，会在分泌物中加入镁。来自互联网

18 glands
n.腺( gland的名词复数 )
参考例句：
a snake's poison glands 蛇的毒腺 the sebaceous glands in the skin 皮脂腺

19 vessels
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人
参考例句：
The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。来自《简明英汉词典》 All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

20 molecules
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。 Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。