专业术语—口腔生理学术语E3(英文详解)

时间：2006-06-21 16:00:00

（单词翻译:单击）

Epidermal¹ growth factor - a cytokine that stimulates² epithelial cell proliferation.

Epinephrine - a neurotransmitter substance found at all adrenergic synapses³ (nor epinephrine or epinephrine). It is the most common neurotransmitter in the nervous system, in particular at ganglion cells of the sympathetic nervous system.

Epitaxy - the initiation⁴ of crystalformation in a saturated⁵ solution by providing a template against which crystal can form. There are specific sites on collagen molecules⁶ which appear to function as templates against which hydroxyapatite crystals form.

Epithelial attachment⁷- the cuff⁸ of junctional epithelium which joins the gingival sulcus epithelium to the enamel⁹ of the tooth. Apical migration¹⁰ of the epithelium down onto the cementum may occur due to ageing or periodontal disease. Loss of attachment produces a periodontal pocket and a new habitat for anaerobic¹¹ oral bacteria.

Epithelium - a layer of cells which forms alining for a tube or the covering for an organ or the whole body.

Eucaryote - a cell in which the genetic¹² material is confined to the nucleus¹³, in distinction to a procaryote in which the genetic material is dispersed¹⁴ throughout the cell. Other distinctions of eucarytoic cells are the presence of organelles such as the golgi apparatus¹⁵, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and mitochondria

Exocrine glands¹⁶ - the secretion¹⁷ passes intoa duct like sweat, saliva¹⁸ and mucous¹⁹.

Extinct - a plant or animal species may entirely²⁰ cease to exist. Recent examples are the dodo, a large flightless bird which used to live as recently as two hundred years ago, on the island of Mauritius. There are today many species of birds, flowers, fish, insects, large mammals, including certain types of whale, which are threatened with extinction²¹, most as a result of human activity. Happily, the smallpox²² virus is about to become extinct

Extra cellular²³ matrix - the supporting surrounding material of a cell including ground substance and fibres.

Extrinsic²⁴ fibres - refers to those fibres of cementum which are continuous with periodontal ligament fibres. Extrinsic fibres have been trapped in cementum during its formation in order to anchor them. see also intrinsic fibres, and sharpey's fibres.

Exudate - the fluid plasma²⁵ which leaks out of blood vessels²⁶ due to an increase in capillary²⁷ permeability. The increased permeability, is caused by histamine, and bradykinin, which are released in response to tissue damage. The formation of an exudate is the first step in the process of inflammation.

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1 epidermal
adj. [解][生]表皮的，外皮的
参考例句：
Epidermal growth factor is a single-chain peptide with 53 amino-acid residue. 表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor EGF)是最初从小鼠的下颌下腺提取的一种含有53个氨基酸残基的单链多肽。 Telia are dark brown or black, and shine from the intact host epidermal covering. 冬孢子堆呈暗褐色或黑色，覆盖在完整的寄生表皮下显得发亮。

2 stimulates
v.刺激( stimulate的第三人称单数 )；激励；使兴奋；起兴奋作用，起刺激作用，起促进作用
参考例句：
Exercise stimulates the body. 运动促进身体健康。来自《简明英汉词典》 Alcohol stimulates the action of the heart. 酒刺激心脏的活动。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

3 synapses
n.（神经元的）突触( synapse的名词复数 )；染色体结合( synapsis的名词复数 )；联会；突触；（神经元的）触处
参考例句：
Nerve cells communicate with one another at the synapses, where their membranes almost touch. 神经细胞在突触部位彼此沟通，在这里它们的膜几乎接触到一起了。来自辞典例句 Glutamatergic synapses are common excitatory chemical connections in mammalian central nervous system. 谷氨酸性突触是哺乳动物神经系统的主要兴奋性突触。来自互联网

4 initiation
n.开始
参考例句：
her initiation into the world of marketing 她的初次涉足营销界 It was my initiation into the world of high fashion. 这是我初次涉足高级时装界。

5 saturated
a.饱和的，充满的
参考例句：
The continuous rain had saturated the soil. 连绵不断的雨把土地淋了个透。 a saturated solution of sodium chloride 氯化钠饱和溶液

6 molecules
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。 Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

7 attachment
n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附
参考例句：
She has a great attachment to her sister.她十分依恋她的姐姐。 She's on attachment to the Ministry of Defense.她现在隶属于国防部。

8 cuff
n.袖口；手铐；护腕；vt.用手铐铐；上袖口
参考例句：
She hoped they wouldn't cuff her hands behind her back.她希望他们不要把她反铐起来。 Would you please draw together the snag in my cuff?请你把我袖口上的裂口缝上好吗？

9 enamel
n.珐琅，搪瓷，瓷釉；(牙齿的)珐琅质
参考例句：
I chipped the enamel on my front tooth when I fell over.我跌倒时门牙的珐琅质碰碎了。 He collected coloured enamel bowls from Yugoslavia.他藏有来自南斯拉夫的彩色搪瓷碗。

10 migration
n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙
参考例句：
Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。 He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

11 anaerobic
adj.厌氧的
参考例句：
Anaerobic respiration occurs only in particularly active tissues such as muscles during severe exercise. 厌氧呼吸只有在处于剧烈运动状态的肌肉等特别活跃的组织中才会发生。 Infection,especially anaerobic infection, is much more apt to occur.感染，特别是厌氧感染很容易发生。

12 genetic
adj.遗传的，遗传学的
参考例句：
It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。 Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

13 nucleus
n.核，核心，原子核
参考例句：
These young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。 These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。

14 dispersed
adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的
参考例句：
The clouds dispersed themselves. 云散了。 After school the children dispersed to their homes. 放学后，孩子们四散回家了。

15 apparatus
n.装置，器械；器具，设备
参考例句：
The school's audio apparatus includes films and records.学校的视听设备包括放映机和录音机。 They had a very refined apparatus.他们有一套非常精良的设备。

16 glands
n.腺( gland的名词复数 )
参考例句：
a snake's poison glands 蛇的毒腺 the sebaceous glands in the skin 皮脂腺

17 secretion
n.分泌
参考例句：
Is there much secretion from your eyes?你眼里的分泌物多吗？ In addition,excessive secretion of oil,water scarcity are also major factors.除此之外，油脂分泌过盛、缺水也都是主要因素。

18 saliva
n.唾液，口水
参考例句：
He wiped a dribble of saliva from his chin.他擦掉了下巴上的几滴口水。 Saliva dribbled from the baby's mouth.唾液从婴儿的嘴里流了出来。

19 mucous
adj. 黏液的，似黏液的
参考例句：
Healthy,skin,mucous membranes,and cilia are natural barriers to many viruses.健康的皮肤，粘膜和纤毛是许多病毒的天然屏障。 Seromucous glands contain both mucous and serous cells.浆粘液腺既含有粘液性细胞，又含有浆液性细胞。

20 entirely
ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地
参考例句：
The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。 His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

21 extinction
n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种
参考例句：
The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。 The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。

22 smallpox
n.天花
参考例句：
In 1742 he suffered a fatal attack of smallpox.1742年，他染上了致命的天花。 Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child?你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

23 cellular
adj.移动的；细胞的，由细胞组成的
参考例句：
She has a cellular telephone in her car.她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。 Many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers.很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量温度的传感元件。

24 extrinsic
adj.外部的；不紧要的
参考例句：
Nowadays there are more extrinsic pressures to get married.现在来自外部的结婚压力多了。 The question is extrinsic to our discussion.这个问题和我们的讨论无关。

25 plasma
n.血浆，细胞质，乳清
参考例句：
Keep some blood plasma back for the serious cases.留一些血浆给重病号。 The plasma is the liquid portion of blood that is free of cells .血浆是血液的液体部分，不包含各种细胞。

26 vessels
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人
参考例句：
The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。来自《简明英汉词典》 All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

27 capillary
n.毛细血管；adj.毛细管道；毛状的
参考例句：
Rapid capillary proliferation is a prominent feature of all early wound healing.迅速的毛细血管增生是所有早期伤口愈合的一个突出表现。 When pulmonary capillary pressure is markedly elevated,pulmonary edema ensues.当肺毛细血管压力明显升高时，就出现肺水肿。