专业术语—口腔生理学术语H1(英文详解)

时间：2006-06-21 16:00:00

（单词翻译:单击）

Habitat - a location which has a suitable environment for an organism to live in. Caves are natural habitats for bats, trees for birds; oral surfaces and crevices¹, for some bacteria.

Haemostasis - the prevention of blood loss through a damaged vessel² wall. There are three main mechanisms³, vasoconstriction, formation of a platelet plug and blood clotting⁴.

Heparin sulphate - a glycosaminoglycan which is unusual in that it is stored inside the cell (mast cells) surrounding the liver. Heparin prevents blood clotting.

Herbivorous- an animal whose diet consists of grass, leaves, roots or other plant matter.

Heterodont- a dentition in which some of the teeth have different shapes and special functions. Form "hetero" = different) see also homodont.

Hierarchy⁵ - an order of power between individuals. A ranking of most dominant⁶ to least dominant.

Hippocampus - part of the limbic system, it seems to provide a spatial⁷ map, useful in the event of a sudden need to escape from an unpleasant sensory⁸ experience.

Hypothalamus - this small body of nerve cells controls the activity of the pituitary gland⁹, the source of several hormones¹⁰ which control the activity of other hormones, including ACTH which in turn controls the level of glucocorticoid secretion¹¹. The hypothalamus also has powerful connections with the other members of the limbic system, from which nerve pathways descend¹² to control nerves in the spinal¹³ cord. The influence of the limbic system on the hypothalamus explains the raised levels of glucocorticoids in response to emotional stress. This bridge with the peripheral¹⁴ nervous system, provides a link between the emotional state of a person, as influenced by the activity of the limbic system, and the excitability of neurones in the spinal cord, to in-coming pain impulses.

Histamine - is a product of the amino acid, histidene and is released by damaged cells. Histamine causes an increase in capillary¹⁵ permeability and vasodilation, two vascular¹⁶ events which are the first stages of inflammation. Histamine is also a neurotransmitters substance, released at nerve synapses¹⁷ mostly in the hypothalamus.

Homeostasis - control of an organism抯 internal environment. Water content, temperature, acid-base balance, level of oxygen and carbon dioxide, adequate supply of energy are some of the many factors in the organism which require monitoring and control. A common form of control is feedback.

Homodont - a dentition in which all the teeth are the same shape (from "home" = same) see also heterodont.

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1 crevices
n.（尤指岩石的）裂缝，缺口( crevice的名词复数 )
参考例句：
It has bedded into the deepest crevices of the store. 它已钻进了店里最隐避的隙缝。来自辞典例句 The wind whistled through the crevices in the rock. 风呼啸着吹过岩石的缝隙。来自辞典例句

2 vessel
n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管
参考例句：
The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。 You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。

3 mechanisms
n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用
参考例句：
The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。来自《简明英汉词典》 He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。来自《简明英汉词典》

4 clotting
v.凝固( clot的现在分词 )；烧结
参考例句：
The study was also based only on the one anti-clotting drug. 所用抗血栓药物也仅限于一种。来自互联网 A plasma protein that is converted into thrombin during blood clotting. 凝血原酶一种血浆蛋白质，在血液凝聚时转化成凝血''。'酵'。''''。'素'。''。来自互联网

5 hierarchy
n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层
参考例句：
There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.那个国家有一套严密的权力等级制度。 She's high up in the management hierarchy.她在管理阶层中地位很高。

6 dominant
adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因
参考例句：
The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。 She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

7 spatial
adj.空间的，占据空间的
参考例句：
This part of brain judges the spatial relationship between objects.大脑的这部分判断物体间的空间关系。 They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。

8 sensory
adj.知觉的，感觉的，知觉器官的
参考例句：
Human powers of sensory discrimination are limited.人类感官分辨能力有限。 The sensory system may undergo long-term adaptation in alien environments.感觉系统对陌生的环境可能经过长时期才能适应。

9 gland
n.腺体，(机)密封压盖，填料盖
参考例句：
This is a snake's poison gland.这就是蛇的毒腺。 Her mother has an underactive adrenal gland.她的母亲肾上腺机能不全。

10 hormones
n. 荷尔蒙，激素名词hormone的复数形式
参考例句：
This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。 The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

11 secretion
n.分泌
参考例句：
Is there much secretion from your eyes?你眼里的分泌物多吗？ In addition,excessive secretion of oil,water scarcity are also major factors.除此之外，油脂分泌过盛、缺水也都是主要因素。

12 descend
vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降
参考例句：
I hope the grace of God would descend on me.我期望上帝的恩惠。 We're not going to descend to such methods.我们不会沦落到使用这种手段。

13 spinal
adj.针的，尖刺的，尖刺状突起的；adj.脊骨的，脊髓的
参考例句：
After three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.在日本三天，就已经使脊椎骨变得富有弹性了。 Your spinal column is made up of 24 movable vertebrae.你的脊柱由24个活动的脊椎骨构成。

14 peripheral
adj.周边的，外围的
参考例句：
We dealt with the peripheral aspects of a cost reduction program.我们谈到了降低成本计划的一些外围问题。 The hotel provides the clerk the service and the peripheral traveling consultation.旅舍提供票务服务和周边旅游咨询。

15 capillary
n.毛细血管；adj.毛细管道；毛状的
参考例句：
Rapid capillary proliferation is a prominent feature of all early wound healing.迅速的毛细血管增生是所有早期伤口愈合的一个突出表现。 When pulmonary capillary pressure is markedly elevated,pulmonary edema ensues.当肺毛细血管压力明显升高时，就出现肺水肿。

16 vascular
adj.血管的，脉管的
参考例句：
The mechanism of this anomalous vascular response is unknown.此种不规则的血管反应的机制尚不清楚。 The vascular changes interfere with diffusion of nutrients from plasma into adjacent perivascular tissue and cells.这些血管变化干扰了营养物质从血浆中向血管周围邻接的组织和细胞扩散。

17 synapses
n.（神经元的）突触( synapse的名词复数 )；染色体结合( synapsis的名词复数 )；联会；突触；（神经元的）触处
参考例句：
Nerve cells communicate with one another at the synapses, where their membranes almost touch. 神经细胞在突触部位彼此沟通，在这里它们的膜几乎接触到一起了。来自辞典例句 Glutamatergic synapses are common excitatory chemical connections in mammalian central nervous system. 谷氨酸性突触是哺乳动物神经系统的主要兴奋性突触。来自互联网