专业术语—口腔生理学术语I1(英文详解)

（单词翻译:单击）

    In Vitro - experiments which are carried out in a laboratory as distinct from in vivo experiments

    In Vivo -experiments which are carried out in live animals as distinct from in vitro experiments

    Immunity¹ - The body response to a foreign antigen, either ingested as food, or as part of a foreign organism. There are two major ways the body defends itself; one is by antibody, production, the so called humeral response, as the antibodies circulate in the blood and the fluid between cells. The other is the cellular² response, as it involves the cells of the immune system, the family of leucocytes. The particular leucocyte³ responsible for immune specificity is the lymphocyte. In total cell mass there are as many lymphocytes as there are liver or brain cells. During development there are millions of B (from the Bone marrow) lymphocytes made, each with a different cell membrane⁴ ligand, specific for any one of millions of antigens. The lymphocytes are circulating all the time so that they can have the chance to meet up with a foreign antigen. As soon as an antigen has been recognised by one of these cells, and bound to the cell ligand, it stimulates⁵ the cell to reproduce millions of copies of itself. All the daughter cells are clones of the original cell. These B lymphocyte daughters, migrate to the site where the antibody is needed. Instead of making an antigen for the membrane these cells make large amounts of soluble⁶ antibody. They are now recognisable as plasma⁷ cells. T lymphocytes ( having spent time in the Thymus) comprises the cell mediated⁸ response to an antigen. They are of two types, Killer⁹ T cells and Helper T Cells. Most T lymphocytes are helpers and they regulate the response of the B lymphocytes. The killer T cells are however capable of recognising the foreign antigen on the surface of a cell, and then killing¹⁰ the entire cell. The immune response is part of a less specific defense¹¹ and healing response of the body known as inflammation.

    Indirect pulp¹² cap - a dressing¹³, usually calcium¹⁴ hydroxide, placed against the pulpal wall of a deep cavity, in order to encourage affected¹⁵ dentine to remineralise. The cavity is closed with a temporary filling material and re-opened after 6 weeks to assess the state of the pulp.

    Induction¹⁶ - cell differentiation¹⁷ which is brought about by the influence of cytokines released by cells of another type.

    Infected dentine- dentine which has been damaged beyond repair by caries and is infected by large numbers of caries bacteria.