专业术语—口腔生理学术语M2(英文详解)

（单词翻译:单击）

    Microbiology - the study of the microscopic¹ forms of life.

    Microfilaments - are the smallest filaments³ of the cytoskeleton. The filaments are made of hundreds of actin molecules⁴, stacked in a line. They can be quickly broken down or extended. Actin filamanents give the cell its shape and help to change it. When cells move, in embryology and repair, or just during the continual patrol of lymphocytes, they must hold on to something in order to crawl. The filaments serve to anchor one part of the cell, via fibronectin to the cell matrix, so the rest of the cell can pull itself towards the anchor. Lymphocytes move and scavenge by sticking out arms and feet to help them crawl and engulf⁵ foreign particles. Muscle cells change their shape by using stacks of actin filaments as a ladder on which myosin climbs.

    Micron - 1000th part of a millimetre.

    Microorganisms - single celled animals which may range from the very small viruses, through bacteria and fungi⁶ to almost visible protozoa.

    Microtubules - are the largest filament² in the cytoskeleton. They are the hollow tubes along which cell products are conducted long distances. The system is not unlike a railway network around the cell, sometimes involving long distances. For example, neurones transport out neurotransmitter substances along the axons to distant synapses⁷, inside microtubules.

    Minor⁸ salivary⁹ glands¹⁰ - are microscopic glands under the surface of the oral mucosa. They are found throughout the lining¹¹ mucosa of the mouth including the tongue.

    Mitochondria - a cell organelle found in eucaryotic cells which produces ATP as a product of the kreb cycle and the electron transport system Cells requiring large amounts of energy, such as secreting¹² odontoblasts, have large numbers of mitochondria. Mitochondria are self replicating¹³ and contain their own DNA¹⁴ for this purpose.

    Mitosis- the division of a cell into two daughter cells, each of which is identical.

    Mitotic activity - the rate of mitosis, and hence cell division. The mitotic activity of basal cells in an epithelium must match the rate of desquamation.

    Molecules - a combination of atoms joined together in fixed¹⁵ proportions.

    Monocytes - remain in the blood only a short time before they migrate into the tissues particularly where dead tissue must be removed, where they are calledmacrophages.