ESL之餐饮娱乐 14 Setting the Table

时间：2013-11-27 03:53:03

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（单词翻译）

14 Setting the Table

It’s not everyday that… – a phrase used to show that something happens only rarely and is not common or usual* It’s not everyday that my favorite singer visits my hometown to perform!

china – porcelain² dishes; very nice ceramic³ plates and bowls used for eating* We use the china only for special holidays: Thanksgiving, Christmas, and NewYear’s Day.

to set the table – to put napkins, plates, bowls, glasses, and silverware on thetable to prepare for a meal* Chashka always sets the table while her father cooks dinner.

tablecloth⁴ – a large piece of fabric⁵ placed over a table where people eat* Jackie accidentally spilled red wine on the white tablecloth.

linen⁶ – a type of cloth or fabric, usually used to make very nice clothes, sheets,and tablecloths⁷* Is that skirt made from linen or cotton?

table setting – all the plates, bowls, cups, silverware, and napkins that areplaced in front of one person for a meal* They need eight table settings for all of their guests, but they have room for onlysix, so the two children will have to eat at another table.

plate – a large, flat, round dish used to hold food for one person during a meal* My mother always told me that if I eat everything on my plate, then I can havedessert.

saucer – a small, flat, round dish that is placed under a teacup* Be careful when you serve the coffee that it doesn’t spill all over the saucers. dinnerware – all the plates, bowls, cups, silverware, and other items used duringa meal* Vicky and Vince asked for new dinnerware as a wedding gift.

silverware – forks, knives, and spoons; metal (usually silver-colored) or plastic objects that are used to eat food* Ulysses forgot to bring silverware to the picnic and we all had to eat with ourhands.

fork – a metal or plastic object with a handle and three or four points (“tines”) atthe end that are used to pick up food and bring it toward one’s mouth* If you can’t pick up the peas with your fork, try using your spoon instead.

tine – one of the sharp points at the end of a fork* Hal picked up the piece of meat by stabbing it with the tines of his fork.

knife – a long, metal or plastic object with a handle and a sharp side that is usedto cut food* Which knife is best for slicing bread?

spoon – a metal or plastic object with a handle and a small bowl-like end that is used to pick up liquids and round pieces of food* Can you please give everyone spoons to eat their ice cream?

steak knife – a very sharp knife used to slice meat that is difficult to cut* Even with a steak knife, it was difficult to cut the steak because it was overcooked.

wine glass – a clear cup for holding wine for one person, with a flat, roundbottom and a long, thin handle* Pauline doesn’t have wine glasses, so we had to drink wine out of plastic cups.

in bad shape – not ready to do something; in poor condition; unhealthy or unfit* Although Vreneli wasn’t injured, she was in bad shape after the car accident,too scared to drive anywhere.

a ball of nerves – very nervous, worried, and anxious* Steve was a ball of nerves before his presentation, but we all thought he didvery well.

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS1. Why did Martha take out the best china?

a) Because William’s bosses are Chinese.

b) Because she wants to use the dishes they bought in China.

c) Because she wants to use their nicest plates.

2. Which of these are not silverware?

a) Tines.

b) Spoons.

c) Steak knives.

______________WHAT ELSE DOES IT MEAN?

plateThe word “plate,” in this podcast, means a large, flat, round dish used to holdfood for one person during a meal: “Benny filled his plate with chicken andmashed potatoes.” A “license⁸ plate” is the rectangular piece of metal placed onthe front or back of a car with that car’s registration⁹ number: “Her license plate is VBF592.” The word “plated” means covered with a metal, usually silver or gold:

“Is that statue all gold, or is it only gold-plated?” The phrase “to have too muchon (one’s) plate” means that one is extremely busy and involved in too many activities: “Now that Fred’s mother is ill and living with him, he has too much onhis plate, given that he’s still working two jobs and taking care of his kids.” knifeIn this podcast, the word “knife” means a long, metal or plastic object with ahandle and a sharp side that is used to cut food: “While Edith was cutting carrots,the knife slipped and she accidentally cut her finger.” A “knife” can also be aweapon, or something used to hurt another person: “The boy pulled a knife fromhis pocket and pointed¹⁰ it at the other boys who he thought wanted to hurt him.” A“pocketknife” is a small knife (possibly with more than one knife blade) that folds into the handle so that it can be put in one’s pocket: “Whenever we go hiking, wealways take a pocketknife with us.” The informal phrase “to be under the knife”

means to be having surgery: “Christy hurt her knee again, and tomorrow she’ll begoing under the knife to get it fixed¹¹.”

CULTURE NOTEMany “dishes,” or ceramic pieces used to hold food, are placed on a dinner tablein addition to the ones mentioned in this podcast. For example, a “gravy bowl” is a small bowl with a handle that is used to hold “gravy,” or a dark gray or brownsauce that is poured over meats. “Serving bowls” are large bowls that hold foodso that people can use a “serving spoon” (a large spoon) to move food from theserving bowls to their own plates. Soup is served with a “ladle” (a large servingspoon especially for liquids). Salad is usually placed in a “salad bowl,” andpeople use “salad tongs” (a long tool with two parts that connect at one end andis used to pick things up) to move the salad from the salad bowl to their plates.

The center of the table usually has “salt and pepper shakers,” which are smallbottles filled with salt and pepper that have holes in the “lids” (tops) so that they can be “shaken” (moved quickly up and down) “upside-down” (with the top facingdown and the bottom facing up) to put salt and pepper on one’s food. Oftenthere is a “creamer,” or a small bowl with a handle that holds “cream” (milk with alot of fat in it) for one’s coffee.

On top of the tablecloth, there might be “placemats,” or rectangular pieces ofplastic or cloth that are placed under each diner’s plate. Each person also has a“napkin” (a small piece of cloth or paper used to clean one’s mouth and hands). If the napkins are made from cloth, sometimes they are placed in a “napkin ring”

(a round piece of metal or wood used to hold the napkin for decoration). ______________Comprehension Questions Correct Answers: 1 – c; 2 – a

COMPLETE TRANSCRIPTWelcome to English as a Second Language Podcast number 317: Setting theTable.

This is English as a Second Language Podcast episode 317. I’m your host, Dr.

Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development inbeautiful Los Angeles, California.

Visit our website at eslpod.com, and take a look at our premium¹² courses. Wehave additional business and daily English courses available in our ESL PodcastStore. You also will want to take a look at our ESL Podcast Blog, where we haveadditional information and help in learning English. And of course, you shoulddownload a Learning Guide for this episode to help you learn English evenfaster.

This episode is called “Setting the Table.” It’s a dialogue about what you put ona table – a dinner table – so you can eat. Let’s get started.

[start of dialogue]

William: This is a very special dinner. It’s not everyday that I have my bosses over for dinner. It has to be perfect.

Martha: I know. Why do you think I took out our best china? Instead ofworrying, why don’t you help me set the table? William: Right. I should make myself useful. Is this the best tablecloth we have?

Martha: Yes, it is. It’s very fine linen.

William: Oh, right, right. Okay, we need six table settings. That means we needdinner plates, salad plates, bread plates, coffee cups, and saucers. Where arethe saucers?

Martha: All of the dinnerware is over there. Be careful!

William: I know, I know. Where’s the silverware? We’re missing the silverware!

Martha: No, we’re not. All of the silverware is in this drawer. Put the dinner andsalad forks on the left and the dessert fork above the plate, like this. The tines should be facing up. The knife and spoon go on the right.

William: I know that. I was just looking for the steak knives.

Martha: We don’t need those tonight. Here, take these wine glasses and putthem on the table.

William: What else? What else?

Martha: Nothing. You need to take a deep breath and calm down, or you’ll be inbad shape by the time the dinner starts.

William: It’s too late. I’m already a ball of nerves!

[end of dialogue]

Our dialogue between William and Martha begins by William saying, “This is avery special dinner. It’s not everyday that I have my bosses over for dinner.” The expression “it’s not everyday that…” is a phrase we use to show thatsomething happens only rarely, that something is not very common, not very usual, that it’s a special event. It’s not everyday that someone says to me, “Jeff,you are the most handsome man in the world.” In fact, that never happens!

“It’s not everyday that I have my bosses over for dinner.” To “have someoneover for dinner” means to invite them to your house for dinner. Martha says toWilliam, “I know. Why do you think I took out our best china?” “China” is not acountry here; “china” refers to very nice ceramic plates and bowls that are usedfor eating. They are also called, or can be, “porcelain” dishes. It’s a very fine,very delicate material. If you drop the plate, it will break easily, but it’s very beautiful looking. People only use their china for very special occasions orholidays. When I was growing up, we would only have our china on the table forChristmas, Thanksgiving, Easter – big holidays that we celebrated¹³ in my family. “China” is not capitalized; if you put a capital “C” then it’s China, the country.

Martha says, “Instead of worrying, why don’t you help me set the table?” To “set(set) the table” means to put the plates, the bowls, glasses, napkins, everythingyou need before you eat – all the things you need to be prepared to eat. In my house, growing up, it was my job every night to set the table.

William says, “Right,” meaning okay, I agree. “I should make myself useful. Is this the best tablecloth we have?” A “tablecloth” (one word) is a large piece offabric, a material that you put over a table where people are eating. It’s used informal restaurants, for example. Martha says, “Yes, it is (yes, it is the best table cloth we have). It’s very fine linen” (linen). “Linen” is a type of cloth or fabric. Itis usually used to make very nice clothing or tablecloths – things like that.

William says, “Oh, right, right. Okay, we need six table settings.” A “tablesetting” is the complete set of things that one person needs; so one bowl, oneplate, one cup, the fork, knife, spoon, etc. That’s a table setting. If you have fivepeople, you need five table settings. William says, “That means we need dinnerplates, salad plates, bread plates, coffee cups, and saucers.” A “plate” is a large,flat, round dish used to hold food for one person during a meal. A “saucer”

(saucer) is a small, flat, round dish, but it’s very small and it is used to putunderneath a teacup or a small coffee cup. That would be a “saucer” – very small plate, put underneath¹⁴ a small cup. The word “plate” has several differentmeanings in English; take a look at our Learning Guide for some additionalexplanations.

Martha says, “All of the dinnerware is over there. Be careful!” The “dinnerware”

(one word) refers to all of the plates, bowls, cups, utensils¹⁶ like knives, spoons,forks, and other things you use during a meal. It’s a general term for everythingthat would be on the table.

William says, “I know, I know,” meaning I know I should be careful. “Where’s thesilverware? We’re missing the silverware!” “Silverware” (silverware) means theforks, the knives, the spoons, things that you use, what we would call “utensils,”

for eating. “Silver” is a metal – an expensive metal that is used sometimes inmaking forks, knives, and spoons, especially for a very formal dinner table. However, many people now use the term or the word “silverware” for any kind ofeating utensils. Any collection of forks, knives, and spoons, even if they aremade from plastic, are sometimes called “silverware.” So, the expression doesn’trefer only to things that are made from silver.

Martha responds to William, “All of the silverware is in this drawer. Put the dinnerand salad forks on the left and the dessert fork above the plate, like this.” A“fork” is something that usually has three or four little points, what we call “tines”

(tines), and these are used for picking up food. “The tines should be facing up,”

again, the “tines” are the sharp points at the end of the fork. “The knife andspoon,” Martha says, “go on the right” side of the plate. The “knife” is a long,usually metal eating utensil¹⁵ used to cut things. We use the word “knife” in acouple of different ways; take a look at the Learning Guide for some additionalexplanations. A “spoon,” you may know, is a round, almost like a bowl – smallbowl – with a handle on it , something you use to grab it – and it’s used forpicking up liquids and round pieces of food.

William says, “I was just looking for the steak knives.” A “steak knife” is a very sharp knife used to cut meat or other food that’s difficult to eat – difficult to cut. It’s a very sharp knife; it’s called a “steak knife” because you use it when you areeating steak – beefsteak. Martha says, “We don’t need (the steak knives)tonight. Here, take these wine glasses and put them on the table.” A “wineglass” is a clear glass for drinking wine, for one person. It usually has a flat,round bottom.

William says, “What else? What else?” meaning what else do we need to put onthe table – are we missing anything? Martha says, “Nothing. You need to take adeep breath [Jeff takes a deep breath] and calm down, or you’ll be in bad shapeby the time the dinner starts.” To “be in bad shape” means you’ll be in a poorcondition, you will not be ready to do something. William says, “It’s too late. I’malready a ball of nerves!” The expression “to be a ball of nerves” is an idiomwhich means to be very nervous, to be worried, to be anxious. The first time Iflew in an airplane, I was 23 years old, I was a ball of nerves – I was nervous about what would happen. Fortunately everything turned out okay; there were noproblems.

Now let’s listen to the dialogue, this time at a normal speed.