2008年ESL之就医 03 Taking Vitamins and Supplements

（单词翻译）

 

 

03 Taking Vitamins and Supplements

GLOSSARY¹

checkup – a periodic medical exam to evaluate one’s health, usually once a year* At Rick’s last checkup, the doctor told him that eating less salt would lower his blood pressure.

dietary supplement – non-food items, usually pills or herbal teas, that are takento improve one’s nutrition or health* Many people take ginseng as a dietary supplement because they think it willimprove their memory.

vitamin – a substance that is found in plant and/or animal foods and needs to beeaten for good health* Oranges, lemons, and grapefruit have a lot of vitamin C.

mineral – a substance that is found in the earth and needs to be eaten for goodhealth* Which foods are good sources of magnesium² and other minerals?

balanced diet – a combination of healthy foods that are eaten regularly and giveone all the necessary nutrition* A balanced diet includes lots of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products.

nutrient³ – something that a human or animal needs to eat in order to live and behealthy* It’s better to get your nutrients⁴ from natural foods than from processed, fortifiedfoods.

multivitamin – a pill that contains many different vitamins and minerals* This multivitamin is specifically designed to meet the nutritional⁵ needs of olderadults.

chewable – able to be chewed; able to be crushed between one’s teeth and thenswallowed* Ingrid takes a chewable, orange-flavored vitamin C tablet every morning.

deficiency – lack; absence; less than the amount that one should have or needs to have* Some women have problems with memory because they have an irondeficiency.

better to be safe than sorry – a phrase used to show that it is better to spendmoney and time on prevention now than to pay the negative consequences ofone’s careless actions later* They decided⁶ to buy more flood insurance for their home because it’s better tobe safe than sorry.

to overdose – to take too much of a medicine or other drug and then get sick ordie* The teenager overdosed on her medication and almost died in the hospital.

over-the-counter – medicines that are available without a doctor’s prescription⁷;medicines that can be bought in a store without a doctor’s permission* Aspirin⁸ is an over-the-counter medication.

recommended dosage – the amount of a medicine that should be taken, eitheraccording to a doctor’s instructions or the instructions on the box* The recommended dosage of this antibiotic⁹ is 200 mg every 8 hours.

to tolerate – to be able to be exposed to something without being harmed orinjured* I’m amazed by how much noise airport workers can tolerate!

to absorb – to take in and use a substance, often through one’s body tissues* Your body can absorb more of the medicine if you take it with meals.

all the more – even more; much more; significantly more* If you don’t make very much money, that’s all the more reason to start savingas much as you can for retirement¹⁰.

to neglect – to not take good care of something; to abandon; to not pay enoughattention to something* Randy neglected their garden last summer and now it’s full of weeds.

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS1.  Why does the doctor want him to start taking a multivitamin?

a)  Because it can cause a deficiency.

b)  Because it is part of his new exercise routine.

c)  Because it can help him get all his nutrients.

2.  How might one overdose on a medication?

a)  By taking less than the recommended dosage.

b)  By taking the exact recommended dosage.

c)  By taking more than the recommended dosage.

______________WHAT ELSE DOES IT MEAN?

to absorbThe verb “to absorb,” in this podcast, means to take in and use a substance,often through one’s body tissues: “This sunscreen absorbs into the skin very quickly.”  Or, “How long does the oatmeal need to cook before it absorbs all thewater?”  The verb “to absorb” also means to understand something: “There was a lot of information to absorb at the four-day conference.”  Sometimes the verb“to absorb” means to interest someone very much, so much so that one doesn’tpay attention to other things: “The physicist’s husband often complains that sheis too absorbed in her research.”  Finally, “to absorb” can mean to reduce thestrength of two objects hitting each other: “The front part of the car absorbedmost of the impact during the accident.”

to neglectIn this podcast, the verb “to neglect” means to not take good care of something:

“The city has neglected its roads for years, so now it needs to make a lot of streetrepairs.”  The verb “to neglect” also means to not pay enough attention tosomething: “The children often feel neglected by their father, because he’s always at work and never has time to play games with them.”  Finally, the verb“to neglect” can mean to forget to do something or to fail to do something: “Sheneglected to add the sugar while she was making chocolate-chip cookies, sothey tasted terrible!”  Or, “They neglected to warn their customers that theirprices were going to increase in the fall.”

CULTURE NOTEIn the United States, the “Food and Drug Administration” (FDA) is the “agency”

(governmental organization) responsible for “regulating” (making rules and laws about) foods and drugs.  The agency tries to make sure that the foods and drugs that are being sold are safe for Americans.

The FDA regulates dietary supplements as foods “rather than” (instead of) drugs. Many people believe that this is wrong and should be changed. “Pharmaceutical” (related to making medicines) companies have to “prove”

(show that something is true) that their drugs are safe.  However, since dietary supplements are not considered to be drugs, the companies that make dietary supplements don’t have to meet this requirement.  The FDA can act only if adietary supplement has been shown to be “harmful” (causing pain, sickness, ordeath).

There are some “restrictions” (limitations) on dietary supplements.  For example,the “packaging” (the boxes, bottles, and text that are used around the product)cannot make “claims” (statements that something is true) about the “healthbenefits” (the ways that something is good for one’s health) of dietary supplements without including the following text: “These statements have notbeen evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.  This product is notintended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.”  It is “illegal” (againstthe law) to market a dietary supplement as a “cure” (solution to a medicalproblem) for a disease.

Many doctors and researchers are worried that some dietary supplements hurtthe people who take them.  For example, many “herbal teas” (teas made fromleaves other than tea leaves) have been shown to “interfere” (change a situation)with the “effectiveness” (ability to do something well) of other medications. These people are “lobbying” (asking the government to do something) for betterregulation of dietary supplements.

______________Comprehension Questions Correct Answers:  1 – c; 2 – c

COMPLETE TRANSCRIPTWelcome to English as a Second Language Podcast number 349: TakingVitamins and Supplements.

This is English as a Second Language Podcast episode 349.  I’m your host, Dr.

Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development inbeautiful Los Angeles, California.

Our website is eslpod.com.  If you go there, you can download a Learning Guidefor this episode, an 8 to 10 page PDF file that contains all of the vocabulary,definitions, sample sentences, additional definitions, comprehension questions,cultural notes, winning lottery¹² numbers, and a complete transcript¹¹ for this episode.

This episode is called “Taking Vitamins and Supplements.”  It’s a story about howI go to the doctor, and the doctor tells me to take some pills to help me.  Let’s getstarted.

[start of story]

The last time I went to the doctor for a checkup, she told me that I needed to starttaking some dietary supplements that had the vitamins and minerals that my body needed to stay healthy.  I told her that I ate a balanced diet, but she saidthat many people who generally ate well still didn’t get the nutrients their bodies needed every day, and that’s why she recommends taking a multivitamin.  Iremember taking chewable vitamins when I was a kid, but as an adult, I neverthought I needed it.  It wasn’t because I had any signs of deficiency, she said, butthat it was better to be safe than sorry. I asked if it was possible to overdose on over-the-counter multivitamins, and shesaid that it was highly unlikely if I followed the recommended dosage.  She saidthat most people’s bodies are able to tolerate and absorb the multivitamins without any problems.  As I get older, she said, it’s all the more important to takecare of myself.

She’s right, of course.  I shouldn’t neglect my health.  I just wonder if I can findsome of those chewable vitamins in the shape of my favorite cartoon characters. I may be an adult, but I don’t always have to act like one!

[end of story]

Our story begins by me saying, “The last time I went to the doctor for acheckup….”  A “checkup,” as a noun, is when you go to doctor on a yearly orregular schedule to have him or her look at your health.  Usually, it’s once a year;they take some tests, they look at you, they check your blood pressure and otherthings to make sure that there isn’t any major problems, medically speaking, withyou.  “To check up,” as two words, is the verb – to investigate something, tomake sure that something is happening.  But, this is the noun, “checkup,” and itis the act of going to your doctor for an annual or regular medical examination.

My doctor told me that I needed to start taking some dietary supplements. “Dietary” comes from the word “diet,” which can mean the food that you eat –usually does.  “Dietary supplements” are things that are not foods, but things thatyou eat, usually pills, or things that you drink like a tea, that are taken to improveyour health or your nutrition.  Some people take dietary supplements such as vitamins and minerals.  A “vitamin” (vitamin) is something that is found in a plantor animal foods, and needs to be eaten for good health.  So, vitamin C, forexample, is a vitamin that some people take because they want to make surethat they have enough vitamin C.  A “mineral” is something found in the earth,and like a vitamin it needs to be taken so that your body has good health. Vitamins and minerals are the most common types of dietary supplements thatpeople take. These supplements are very popular in the United States, especially in placessuch as California.  There are many people who take vitamins and othersupplements because they think it is necessary for their health.  Not all doctors agree with that however, but in places such as California, for whatever reason,it’s very popular.

I told my doctor that I ate a balanced diet.  Here we see the word “diet” again,meaning the food that you eat.  If you say you eat a “balanced diet,” you meanthat you have a good combination of healthy foods – fruits, vegetables, what wewould call “whole grains,” things like brown rice or whole wheat bread.  Theseexamples of things that might be in a “balanced diet,” meaning you have enoughof each thing.  If you have a balanced diet, many people believe, including many doctors, that you don’t need to take extra vitamins or minerals; some people do,anyway.

My doctor says that I should take vitamins and minerals because even peoplewho generally eat well still don’t get the nutrients their bodies need.  A “nutrient”

(nutrient) is something that you need in order to live – in order to be healthy,that’s why she recommends taking a multivitamin.  A “multivitamin” means many vitamins – “multi” means many.  A multivitamin has many different vitamins and minerals in one pill, so instead of taking a separate pill for vitamin C and vitaminE and vitamin B-12, you take one vitamin pill that has all of those in it.

I say that I remember taking chewable vitamins when I was a kid.  Somethingthat is “chewable” is something that you can put in your mouth and crush inbetween your teeth.  That is, something that you can make smaller by using yourteeth so that you can swallow it.  Chewable vitamins are very popular forchildren.  They are often different colors and different flavors, and come indifferent shapes – animal shapes, cartoon characters shapes – that will make thechild want to take it.  The child chews it, and then swallows it.

The doctor said that I didn’t have any “signs,” any indications, of a deficiency.  Ifsomething is “deficient,” we mean it lacks something, it doesn’t have something,it’s less than what it should be.  If you had a “vitamin deficiency,” you would belacking, or not having enough of certain vitamins.

My doctor said that it was better to be safe than sorry.  That’s an old expression;“better to be safe than sorry” means even though you may not need to dosomething, it may be a good idea to do it just in case there’s a problem in future. We often use this expression when we talk about doing something that will helpprevent a problem in the future.

I ask my doctor if it is possible to overdose on over-the-counter multivitamins. “To overdose” means to take too much of a medicine or another drug, and thatmakes you sick or, possibly even kills you.  You don’t want to overdose!  “Overthe-counter drugs” are drugs that you can buy without a doctor’s “prescription,”

that is, the doctors permission.  In the U.S., there are many drugs that you canbuy without your doctor telling you it’s okay – without having to give you what wewould call a “prescription,” which is permission to take this drug.  The “counter” is the place in a store where you pay for something – where you buy something. So, “over-the-counter” refers to drugs that you don’t need a prescription for.

My doctor said it was very unlikely I would overdose if I followed therecommended dosage.  “Dosage” (dosage) is the amount of medicine that youshould take, either because that is what your doctor tells you, or that is what thecompany that makes the drug tells you.  The “recommended dosage” – howmuch of the drug should you take.

My doctor said, “most people’s bodies are able to tolerate and absorb themultivitamins without any problems.”  “To tolerate,” as a verb, means to be ableto be “exposed” to something – to have contact with something – without beingharmed or injured or hurt.  To “absorb” means to take in and use a substance, usually in your body.  So, your body absorbs the vitamin C – it takes the vitaminC in and uses it.  “To absorb” has a couple of different meanings; take a look atour Learning Guide for an additional explanation.

I say that as I get older, it’s all the more important to take care of myself.  Theexpression “all the more” means the same here as even more, or much more.  Icould say, “it’s much more important to take care of myself,” it means the samething.  “It’s all the more important.”

I say that I shouldn’t neglect my health.  “To neglect” (neglect) means not to takecare of something, not to do something that you should do, not to pay attention tosomething.  If you neglected your homework, you didn’t do your homework.  Ifyou neglected your dog, you wouldn’t talk to your dog, or pay attention to yourdog, or play with your dog.  If you neglected your wife, you would have to find anew place to live!

Now let’s listen to the story, this time at a normal speed.

[start of story]

The last time I went to the doctor for a checkup, she told me that I needed to starttaking some dietary supplements that had the vitamins and minerals that my body needed to stay healthy.  I told her that I ate a balanced diet, but she saidthat many people who generally ate well still didn’t get the nutrients their bodies needed every day, and that’s why she recommends taking a multivitamin.  Iremember taking chewable vitamins when I was a kid, but as an adult, I neverthought I needed it.  It wasn’t because I had any signs of deficiency, she said, butthat it was better to be safe than sorry. I asked if it was possible to overdose on the over-the-counter multivitamins, andshe said that it was highly unlikely if I followed the recommended dosage.  Shesaid that most people’s bodies are able to tolerate and absorb the multivitamins without any problems.  As I get older, she said, it’s all the more important to takecare of myself.

She’s right, of course.  I shouldn’t neglect my health.  I just wonder if I can findsome of those chewable vitamins in the shape of my favorite cartoon characters. I may be an adult, but I don’t always have to act like one!

[end of story]

The script for this episode was written by Dr. Lucy Tse.  

From Los Angeles, California, I’m Jeff McQuillan.  Thanks for listening.  We’ll seeyou next time on ESL Podcast.

English as a Second Language Podcast is written and produced by Dr. Lucy Tse,hosted by Dr. Jeff McQuillan.  This podcast is copyright 2008.