GRE写作：Argument正文部分如何套用模板

　　The major problem with this argument is that …Another flaw that weakens this argument is that. …In addition, the arguer ignores several factors that might undermine the argument.

　　… the arguer fails to consider several other relevant factors that might influence …For instance … since … what’s more … etc.

　　样本的问题：

　　When samples are used to make general claims about a particular group, the samples should be close enough in time to the generation they are used to support, so that historical changes will not invalidate the generalization¹调查survey 的问题：

　　The sample of the survey conducted by the … is vague.

　　But we are told nothing about the way the poll was conducted and how well it represented the public opinions..(民意测验)How many people participated?

　　The sample of the survey is not representative.

　　数据的问题：

　　(平均值)The study revealed, on average, only a small statistical² correlation³ between(实验的数据不可靠)the data of the research is unconvincing(样本太小)the sample is too small to...(光数字没比例)the ratio of four to six

　　there is only figures but no proportion of the survey 还是ratio?

　　Insufficient⁴ Sample

　　If the [respondents] only stand for a tiny proportion of the whole [group], we should not be so sure about the conclusion that [the whole group…]

　　The arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.

　　It was only carried out in Sun City, but the arguer applies its result to all the company’s markets while doesn’t show us whether Sun City is a representative market of the whole markets.

　　实验组的人：性别，年龄，生理特征

　　副作用 有的病人会对抗生素过敏

　　错误的类比：

　　But the problem is that the two situations are not similar enough to justify⁵ the analogical deduction⁶.

　　错误的比较：

　　The comparison in this argument is incomplete and selective. The arguer discovers that …However, the arguer fails to provide any information regarding … respectively …别的因素：

　　Furthermore the arguer ignores the possibility that … may … Unless the arguer also takes this factor into consideration, the comparison is unconvincing.

　　It is very likely that … and hence… varies significantly.

　　没有因果：

　　Confusing causal relation with correlationthe arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. Even if the maintenance of the airline has been improved as a result of sending its mechanics to the Seminar, which is, of course, an unwarranted assumption, it does not follow that 就算怎样，也不怎样Finally, the arguer hints that … but he fails to analyze⁷ the causes. Is it because… or because … ?

 

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