英语听力：自然百科 Wolf Hunting Tactics 合作至上的狼群

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This mother grizzly⁴ knows how to protect its cub⁵ and itself. Stand your ground. Don’t be intimidated⁶. Don’t let the grey wolves run you down. Grizzly mum stands up to the grey wolves. And eventually, they lose interest.

 

Stand up, hold your ground. Wolves know that large prey can be dangerous if they fight back. What the wolves want is to get their prey on the run. Like, for example this herd⁷ of elk⁸. Now the wolves can fan out over the herd, waiting for an old or sick or just unlucky elk to make a wrong move. The alpha male leads the hunt. He bides⁹ his time, directing his troops. And eventually, one elk stumbles.

 

The hungry wolves quickly surround their faltering¹⁰ victim. They swarm¹¹ in for the kill, and then, the meal. Wolves are a vital part of a healthy Yellowstone echo-system. They filter out sick and weak animals in the herds¹² and help scavengers survive but providing leftovers¹⁴ from their hunts. This coyote however is not a scavenger¹³ but also a competitor, who's been interfering¹⁵ with the kills of the pack.

 

So once again, the wolves use cooperation to guard their turf and drive out the intruder.

 

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