Listen this way听力教程第二册-10

（单词翻译）

Unit 1O  Smoking Kills

Part Ⅰ  Getting ready
It is a fact that can not be denied: smoking kills. Cigarette smoke contains many chemicals which are harmful to your body. It can give you lung cancer, heart attack, and it can make you cough and become breathless. That's why smoking should be prohibited in all public places.

A  The following words and phrase will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.
   1. vulnerable: weak and easily hurt physically¹ or emotionally
   2. inhale²: breathe in
   3. clot³: a sticky lump that forms when blood dries up and becomes thicker
   4. artery⁴: any of a branching system of the muscular tubes that carry blood away from the heart
   5. exposure: a situation in which you are affected⁵ or influenced
   6. block: stop, hinder
   7. zone: an area that has particular features or characteristics
   8. at the expense of: giving up something for the sake of something else
   9. enforce: compel observance of (实施，执行)
  10. addict⁶: devote or give (oneself) habitually⁷ or compulsively

   Smokers⁸ are not the only ones to run the risk of smoking-related diseases. Passive smokers also suffer increased risk of poor health. Do you know what passive smokers are and what they can do to protect themselves?

B  You are going to hear a short passage about non-smokers. Write down every word as a dictation. It will be read three times. First reading, read from beginning to end. Second reading, read with pauses. Third reading, read without pauses again.
   ______________________________________________________
   ______________________________________________________
   ______________________________________________________
   ______________________________________________________
   ______________________________________________________
   ______________________________________________________
   ______________________________________________________
   ______________________________________________________
   ______________________________________________________

  There is a close relation between smoking and heart diseases. Then how much do you know about your heart? Do you know what a heart attack is?

C  You are going to hear a dialogue. Supply the missing words.
   A: I once heard people talk about coronary heart disease. What is coronary? Could you tell me ________ about it?
   B: Well, our _________ is a muscular organ. It's just like a pump. It pumps blood to every part of our ______. There are two small arteries¹⁰ that bring ________ carrying food and oxygen to the ________ muscles. They are called the coronary arteries because they look like a "corona⁹" or crown _________ the heart. If a branch of the coronary arteries is _________ blocked, part of the heart muscles gets too _________ food and oxygen. There will be _________ heart pain.
   A: Is it a heart attack?
   B: Not exactly. If a branch of the coronary arteries is ________ blocked, part of the heart muscles _____________ getting food and oxygen. Then there will be ________ heart pain or a heart attack.
   A: So in either case, the person is said to have coronary heart ________. Is it right?
   B: Yes.
   A: But what blocks the arteries?
   B: Arteries are usually blocked by _________ fat-like substance called cholesterol¹¹. When we eat too much _________ or when we are overweight, cholesterol is deposited on the inner _________ of our arteries. This build-up of cholesterol on the inner walls of arteries is called atherosclerosis.
   A: I think no one wants this to happen to _________.
   B: So let us reduce our risk of getting a heart ________ in adulthood¹² by starting now to live a healthy life _______ -eat wisely, exercise regularly, learn to relax and never, never smoke.
   A: Why never smoke?
   B: To make it simple, ________ smoke makes the heart pump faster and allows less oxygen to reach the heart muscles.
 
Part Ⅱ  The ASH man
As early as the 19th century, isolated¹³ reports were circulated that cigar and pipe smoking caused cancer of mouth. Nowadays, more and more people have realized the harmful effects of tobacco smoking. As an individual, what can you do to combat smoking?

A  You are going to hear an interview. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, complete the questions.
   Questions
   1. Why do you _________ people smoking?
   2. If I smoke, it doesn't ________ other people's health, does it?
   3. And the most vulnerable passive smokers are ___________?
   4. Suppose you were at a ________, and people started smoking. Would you take a ___________ on it?
   5. Do you think that people will _________ smoking altogether in your _________?
 
B  Now try this: listen to a more authentic¹⁴ version of the interview. Complete the answers by the ASH man.
   1. The smokers are breathing out __________ different chemicals into the air which I didn't actually choose to breathe in.
   2. Smoking is by far the largest preventable cause of _________, premature¹⁵ death, and indeed ______.
   3. If people smoke __________ a day from their late teens for the rest of their life, _________ of them will go to an early grave.
   4. Scientists are now in no doubt at all that regular ________ to other people's cigarette smoke is a _________ to non-smokers.
   5. Those children actually inhale the equivalent of about __________ cigarettes a year in cigarette fumes¹⁶, cigarette particles and so forth¹⁷.
   6. If I'm very __________ by it, I just make my _________ and leave.
   7. Smoking will be something that people may keep to do in the __________ and privacy of their own _________.
   8. I do want people to have the real _________ to learn information without counter propaganda by the tobacco industry.

Part Ⅲ  Heart attack
A heart attack causes people a lot of pain. People often die of a heart attack. Therefore, a heart attack should be treated as an emergency.

A  You are going to hear the first part of a talk. While listening the first time, focus on the cause of a heart attack. While listening for the second time, pay more attention to the symptoms. Take down key words in the notes column. After listening, complete the following chart in note form. The number in brackets indicates the number of words you can use.
 
B  Now listen to the second part of the talk which gives advice about what to do if someone suffers from a heart attack. The following phrases describe what you should do and should not do when dealing¹⁸ with a heart attack. Put these phrases into the correct column. Pay attention to the order.
   ● Leave the patient alone.
   ● Call an ambulance immediately.
   ● Travel to the doctor yourself.
   ● Put pillows or cushions behind the patient's head and neck, bend the knees.
   ● Lift the patient into a half-sitting position.
   ● Try mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration¹⁹ (if necessary).
   ● Give something to eat or drink.
   ● Press down on the patient's chest to force blood around the body.
   ● Stay with the patient.
   ● Loosen any tight clothing around the neck, chest and waist.
   ● Keep the patient warm and as calm as possible.

      Do's       Don'ts
    ________________  __________________________ 
    ________________  __________________________ 
    ________________  __________________________ 
    ________________  __________________________
    ________________  __________________________

Part Ⅳ  More about the topic: Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerosis
Nicotine²⁰ is known to contract the blood vessels²¹ and to release hormones²² that raise the blood pressure. Both effects could have an adverse²³ influence on the heart. Smokers have distinctly higher levels of carbon monoxide in their blood than non-smokers. It has been shown that even minute amounts of carbon monoxide decrease the exercise ability of patients with known coronary artery disease.

The following science report is about the relationship between tobacco smoking and atherosclerosis. Supply the missing words while listening.

   A new study shows that people who _______ large amounts of tobacco are speeding up normal damage to their arteries. It _________ that the longer and more people smoke, the faster their arteries _________. And the study provides evidence that the effects may be permanent. The artery damage appears to __________ at a faster rate even after people stop smoking. The study also shows that the harmful effect of other people's smoke called "environmental tobacco smoke" _________ much greater than thought. It appears to __________ the arteries of people who never smoke.
   The artery damage is _________ atherosclerosis. Arteries are muscular tools. They ______ blood away from the heart. The arteries harden naturally as people get older. When arteries harden, their walls _________ thicker. Blood is unable to flow to other parts of the body. The condition _________ to a sharply increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. The American Medical Association _________ atherosclerosis is responsible for more deaths in the United States than any other condition.
   Doctors in Winston-Salem, North Carolina did the study. They __________ the effects of smoking on the progress of atherosclerosis. More than _________ adults took part in the study. They were from _________ years old. It was one of the largest studies ever _________ on the health effects of smoking tobacco. The journal of the American Medical Association _________ the results. The adults in the study were in ________ groups: current smokers, former smokers, non-smokers often _______ by environmental tobacco smoke, or non-smokers _________ affected by tobacco smoke. At the beginning of the study the researchers ________ the thickness of the walls of a major artery of each person. They measured the same artery ________ years later to discover the progress of atherosclerosis. The researchers found that atherosclerosis got worse ________ faster in current cigarette smokers compared with people who never smoked. The condition developed ________ faster in people who had smoked but ________. The artery walls thickened ________ faster in people who had often __________ environmental tobacco smoke than in those who had not. The researchers also found that the effects of smoking ________ greater among people with diabetes²⁴ and high blood pressure.
   Researchers say that the effect of smoking on the progression of atherosclerosis probably is __________ to how much and how long people smoke. They believe that stopping smoking would ________ further damage to the arteries. Medical experts _________ that the importance of environmental tobacco smoke as a risk for heart disease has not been ________. Information about it was rarely collected. They say environmental tobacco smoke may be a reason why there is a history in some families of people _________ heart disease while they are young. Critics of smoking say new measures are ________ to help the public avoid tobacco smoke. The American Heart Association says the new study ________ powerful support for a ban on smoking in all public places.

Part Ⅴ  Memory test: Combatting Smoking
One way to discourage smoking was to increase taxation²⁵. In some countries, especially in Europe, the tax on a pack of cigarettes increased dramatically in the late 20th century.

A  You are going to hear a short piece of news. Listen carefully and choose the correct answers as quickly as possible.
   1. What is Dr John Carforth's call?
      a. Canceling travellers' tax-free cigarette allowances.
      b. Increasing travellers' cigarette price.
      c. Reducing the amount of travellers' tax-free cigarette allowances.

   2. Dr John Carforth's call was made on __________.
      a. Britain's ninth national day
      b. great national no smoking day
      c. Britain's ninth national no smoking day

   3. ______ people now do not smoke in this country.
      a. Three out of four   
      b. Two out of five   
      c. Two out of three

   4. ________ of smokers actually try to give up smoking on at least one occasion.
      a. 60%
      b. 70%
      c. 75%

   5. _________ of all smokers are really determined²⁶ to quit smoking.
      a. Two thirds        
      b. Half                
      c. Three fourths

   6. The purpose of Dr John Carforth's call is to ________.
      a. combat smoking   
      b. put the price up  
      c. cancel travellers' rights

   Although more and more people have realized the ill effects of smoking, there is a trend that the number of teenagers who smoke is increasing. This is a problem that we can't afford to neglect.

B  Now listen to a piece of news about the situation of smoking by teenagers in the U.S. Pay attention to all the numbers. Match column A with column B.
   Column A                                                
   1. before age 18
   2. 30% of high school seniors
   3. in 1976
   4. 420 000 Americans
   5. 3 million adolescence²⁷
   6. 1 million adolescence
   7. half of eighth graders

   Column B
   __ dying from cancer or other diseases linked to smoking
   __ annual surveys began
   __ not believing there is a great risk with smoking
   __ most adults who smoke began the habit
   __ using chewing tobacco/smokeless tobacco products
   __ smoking cigarettes now in the U.S.

Part Ⅵ  Reminder²⁸ of key points in this unit
           Verb & Verb Phrase    Noun & Noun Phrase  Other
   Part Ⅰ breathe in          no smoking zone     at the expense of
    enforce          steward      mild
    block          coronary artery     severe
    deposit          crown              wisely
    pump                  oxygen              regularly
    reduce the risk of    cholesterol 
    relax          inner wall 
                   atherosclerosis 
   Part Ⅱ object to             passive smoking     in close confines
           meet/go to an early   fume                in no doubt
           grave                 chemical            additional
           inhale                circle              altogether
           take a hard line on   counter propaganda  by and large
           play the rules        glossy²⁹ package      believe it or not
           make one's excuses 
           mix
   Part Ⅲ loosen                heart attack        bursting
           press down            blood clot          out of breath
           take sb. straight to  emergency           dizzy
           recover               artificial respiration
   Part Ⅳ speed up              environmental tobacco  permanent
           harden                smoke stroke diabetes  rarely
                                 high blood pressure
                                 progression
                                 public place
   Part Ⅴ scrap                 news conference      with regard to
           coincide with         annual survey        eventually
           combat                high school senior
           impose the ban on     adolescence
           kick the habit        chewing tobacco
           addict                smokeless tobacco products
           persist               respiratory ailments
                                 retarded lung function
                                 alcohol
                                 marijuana