Listen this way听力教程第二册-15

（单词翻译）

Unit 15  Sportsmanship and Championship

Part Ⅰ  Getting ready
Sports mean competitions of physical strength, skill, or endurance against opponents or against an objective standard such as time, height, or distance. Sports can be divided into professional sports and amateur sports, or team sports and individual sports.

A  The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.
   1. sports fan: a very keen follower¹ or supporter of a sport
   2. championship: a competition held to find the champion
   3. dynamic: of force or power that causes movement
   4. referee²: a judge in charge of some games
   5. foul³: an act that is against the rules
   6. penalty area: (in football) a space in the shape of a rectangle which is in front of the goal
   7. commentary: spoken description (with opinions and explanations) that is broadcast with, and at the same time as, an event, occasion, football match, etc.
   8. final: the last and most important in a set of matches
   9. stamina⁴: the strength of body or mind to fight tiredness, discouragement, or illness
  10. deuce: (in tennis) 40 : 40; 40 points to each player. After deuce has been reached, one of the players must then get two points in a row to win the game.

B  You are going to hear a news item about a basketball tournament. Write the scores in the circles. Which team wins each game? Which is the champion team? Write
 
Part Ⅱ  Yoga exercises
Classical yoga is a doctrine⁵ that is theistic and emphasizes purification through meditation⁶. A yogi, or practitioner⁷ of yoga, meditates⁸ in order to achieve true bliss⁹, which involves a complete withdrawal¹⁰ from the world. Yogis assume the bodily posture¹¹ that affords them the most stability and the least effort. The yogi strives to transcend¹² body and matter through consistent meditation.

A  You are going to hear a conversation between two students Paul and Lisa about some yoga exercises. Listen carefully. Match the names of the yoga postures¹³ with proper pictures.
   (  ) candle / shoulder-stand  (  ) plough     (  ) fish
   (  ) forward bend             (  ) cobra      (  ) locust¹⁴
   (  ) bow                      (  ) headstand
 
B  Listen to the conversation again. While you listen, add more key words in the left-hand column. After listening, complete the descriptions for each yoga posture.
   Descriptions
   1. Candle
      Start by ________ on your ________ and then ________ your ________ up till all the weight's ________ on your ________ and your ________ are straight up in the air.
   2. Plough
      Start by _____ on your ________ and then ________ your ________ over till your ________ the floor behind you.
   3. Fish
      Start by ________ on your ________ and then ________ your ________ and ________ the weight on the ________ of your ________.
   4. Forward Bend
      Start by _______ straight and then ________ forward.
   5. Cobra
      Start by _____ on your _______ and then _____ your ________ into the air.
   6. Locust
      Start by ________ flat on your ________ with your ________ by your  sides and then ________ your.
   7. Bow
      Start by _____ on your ________and then ________ your ________ and your ________ till you can ________ your ________ with your ________.
   8. Headstand
      ________ on your ________.

C  Listen to the conversation once more. Complete the following chart with the help of the above notes.
   Yoga Posture   Time      Benefits
   Candle   ________  - 
   Plough   ________  ________________ 
   Fish    ________  -
   Forward Bend   ________  ________________ 
   Cobra   ________  ________________ 
   Locust   ________  ________________ 
   Bow    ________  ________________
   Headstand   ________  ________________ 

Part Ⅲ  Signals used by referees¹⁵ and linesman in football
Football (or soccer in America) is a team sport played with the object of driving the ball into the opponent's goal. The ball is controlled and advanced primarily by using the feet. A player can also use the thigh¹⁶, the chest or the head. Only gcalkeepers are allowed to handle the ball. Football is the world's most popular sport, with millions of fans throughout the world.

A  You are going to hear a conversation between a football course tutor and several students about signals used by referees and linesmen. Listen carefully. Which signals in the following pictures are mentioned? Match them with the explanations by writing the correct numbers in the brackets.
   (   ) Direct free-kick          (   ) Hand-ball
   (   ) Offside                   (   ) Start the game
   (   ) Foul in penalty area      (   ) Stop the clock
   (   ) Foul near linesmen        (   ) Indirect free-kick
   (   ) Match nearing end         (   ) Throw-in
   (   ) Goal kick                 (   ) New ball
   (   ) Player must leave field   (   ) Time up
   (   ) Play on                   (   ) Player is to be substituted

B  Listen to the conversation again. While you listen, add more key words in the left-hand column. After listening, complete the descriptions for each signal.
   Descriptions
   1. Play on
      Hold the ________, at ________ height, with the ________.
   2. Direct free kick
      Blow the whistle and point with ________ towards the ground.
   3. Indirect free kick
      Hold __________ firmly ________ at the side, and ________ straight ________ in the air, with the ________.
   4. Foul near linesmen
      Hold the flag ________ and wave it ________ and ________.
   5. Foul in penalty area
      Hold the flag ________ the ________, ________ towards the ________.
   6. Offside
      Hold the flag _______________ the line of play in the direction in which the offside took place.
   7. New ball
      Hold the _________, _____________, in front of his ________.

Part Ⅳ  More about the topic: Women in Sports
Basketball is another team sport played generally indoors by two teams of five players each. One of the most popular sports in the world, basketball is played by men and women of all ages and ability levels in more than 200 countries. The WNBA is said to be evidence of the increasing popularity of women sports. More women are succeeding as athletes.

The following short passage is about professional women basketball players in America. Supply the missing words while listening.

   The Woman's National Basketball Association played its first ______ this past summer. The WNBA was _________ by the man's National Basketball Association. The WNBA is called the little ______ of the NBA. There're _______ teams in the women's league. They play in _______ major American cities.
   The women's basketball games have been more _______ than expected. An average of almost _______ people attended the _______ games during the __________ season. ________ American television networks also _________ some of the games. ________ of people watch them. Major companies pay to _________ their products during the broadcasts of the games. The WNBA ________ a lot of women. Female __________ describe the _________ during the games. Female __________ make sure the players _________ the rules.
   The WNBA is the _______ professional women's basketball league now playing in the United States. An ___________ group started the American Basketball League last _______. The ________ ABL teams play in the ________ and _______ in smaller cities. An average of ________ people attended the ABL games last year. The League is not as _______ as the WNBA. However, several members of both _________ are well known. They played for the United States on the women's basketball team that won a __________ during the _______________ in Atlanta, Georgia.
   How is women's basketball different from men's basketball? One former college men's basketball _________ says, " Women's basketball is _________ to watch than men's basketball. It is more _________. It has more ____________. And the players work together more as a ________. It costs much ________ to attend a WNBA game than a men's _______ basketball game. So many _____________ attend the women's games. More _________ and young ________ also attend the games. Many young girls ________ the women's basketball players to be their _________. The players are _________ of another thing that women can do well."
   Another__________ between men's and women's basketball is that female players have a ________ relationship to the people who come to watch them ______. For example, female players spend _________ after the games _________ their fans and _______ their names for them. However female players ________ much less money than male professional basketball players. Last year ABL players earned an average of ________. The average pay for a male NBA player's is more than __________ a year.
   A star of the New York Liberty Team of the WNBA _________ the difference between men's and women's basketball this way: "Women play a _______ game- ______ basketball. Right now women are still playing for the ________ of the game." People who attended the WNBA games could buy many kinds of basketball _________ and other products. One shirt described professional basketball this way: "________ by man, ________ by woman."

Part Ⅴ   Memory test: Which Sport?
Historically, a rigid¹⁷ distinction has been made, between amateur athletics¹⁸ and professional sports. This distinction has become less rigid with time. Major league baseball, basketball, and football are the chief professional games. Skiing, swimming, and the various forms of tennis and running rank as the most popular individual amateur sports.

A  Below is a list of popular sports and a set of sports pictures. Listen carefully. Match the sports with their pictures.
   sumo;      bowling;      cricket;   golf;    rugby;    squash;
   tennis;    baseball;     hockey;    skiing;  snooker;  swimming;
   hurdling;  basketball;   football;  boxing;  running;  table-tennis;

B  Listen to some extracts of sports commentaries. Decide which sport is being played in each extract you hear. You may find the above list helpful.
   1. __________  2. __________  3. __________  4. __________
   5. __________  6. __________  7. __________
 
Part Ⅵ  Reminder of key points in this unit
    Verb & Verb Phrase    Noun & Noun Phrase       Other
   Part Ⅰ beat                  sports fan           Vs(versus)
    play                  championship 
    win over          hawk 
                   panther 
                   comet 
                    bowling 
   Part Ⅱ take it easy          yoga posture           dynamic
    run through          candle / shoulder-stand  absent-minded
    lie on back/stomach   plough 
    hold on          the crown of head 
    stretch          circulation 
    arch                  cobra 
    bend                  digestive system 
    hypnotize          miracle 
    straighten          locust 
    have high opinion of  bow 
                   trunk 
   Part Ⅲ involve          referee           complicated
    start off          linesman / linesperson   vital
    catch one's eye  free kick           firmly
    indicate   foul                   lethal
    penalty area   
    offside   
    thigh   
   Part Ⅳ attend   association           major
    broadcast   WNBA / ABL / NBA   former
    advertise   league                   traditional
    consider   announcer           professional
    sign           structure 
    invent   evidence 
    perfect   average 
            Olympic Games 
   Part Ⅴ glance back   rugby                   smoothly
    over one's shoulder  snooker           confidently
    lob           hurdling           steadily
     smash   commentary           deuce
    serve   commentator           unmarked
            umpire                   fit
            final 
            full stretch 
            jab 
            center pocket 
            cue ball 
            loose ball 
     full back 
            lineout 
             goal line 
            stamina