英语听力教程第二版 第三册-2

（单词翻译）

Part Ⅰ Getting ready
Wild animals and wild plants and the wild places where they live are gravely threatened almost everywhere. One species has become extinct in each year of this century; but many hundreds are now on the brink¹. We can't afford to wait any more. It is time that we take action.

A  The following words will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.
   1. habitat: the natural home of a plant or animal
   2. species: a group of plants or animals of the same kind, which are alike in all important ways and can breed together
   3. bludgeon: hit with a heavy object
   4. census²: a count of a total population
   5. logistics: the planning and implementation³ of the details of any operation
   6. degrade: bring down
   7. adversely⁴: in the manner of going against, opposing
   8. refuge: a place that provides protection or shelter from danger
   9. aquatic⁵: living in or on water
  10. mussel: a small sea animal living inside a black shell whose soft body can be eaten as food (淡菜)

B  Listen to some abbreviations and acronyms⁶ of some organizations and some information about them. Fill in the blanks.
   1. IUCN- ______________, is the organization established by the ____________ to promote the conservation of and habitats as part of the national ________ of member states.
   2. CITES- ____________________________. is an international agreement under the auspices⁸ of the IUCN with the aim of regulating ________ in endangered species of __________________. The agreement came into force __________ and by 1991 had been signed by 110 states. It ___________ any trade in a category of ____________ highly endangered species and ___________ trade in a further ___________ species.
   3. UNEP- ______________________ , aims to provide __________ and encourage partnerships⁹ in caring for the _______ by inspiring information and enabling nations and people to improve their _________________ without compromising that of future generations.
   4. WWF- ________________________ is an international organization established _________________ to raise funds for conservation by public appeal. Projects include conservation of particular _________________, for example, the tiger and giant panda. In 1990, it had ______________. members in 28 countries and an annual income of over 100 million. Its headquarters are in Gland,___________.

   Biological diversity provides us with a variety of special "ecosystem¹⁰ services", such as clean water, a breathable atmosphere and natural climate control. However, many kinds of wild animals have been so reduced in number that their role in the ecosystem is negligible. Animals like the great apes, the whales, seals, and marine¹¹ turtles are under particular pressure.

C  Listen to the conversation. Match column A, which is a list of the names of some endangered animals, with column B, which gives the information about those endangered animals. Then answer the questions.
   Column A
   1. Whales
   2. Seals
   3. Turtles
   4. Crocodiles
   5. Walruses¹² (海象)
   6. Dolphins

   Column B
   __ bludgeoned to death for fur coats
   __ killed to make handbags and   shoes
   __ hunted for their ivory
   __ hunted to extinction¹³
   __ eggs rolled off and slaughtered¹⁴ for meat and oil

   Questions:
   1. What do people at the World Wildlife Fund work for according to the woman?
      ________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________
 
   2.  What are they doing in order to protect those endangered animals?
      ________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________

   3. Can you guess the meaning of "sea sanctuaries"?
      ________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________

Part Ⅱ  Christmas bird counts
Compared with one-quarter of the world's plants which are threatened with extinction by the year 2010, three-quarters of all bird species are declining or threatened with extinction. Many people feel that every time we lose a species, the world becomes a poorer place. What should we do?

A  Listen to a news report. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column according to the following cues. While listening for the second time, supply the information.
   Event: Christmas bird counts Time: from Christmas to____

   Sponsored by: the National Audubon Society Participants:

   Numbers: _______________________________________________

   Background: from all 50 states of the U.S., every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands

   Number of bird counts this year: more than_________separate bird counts
 
  The logistics of bird counts: Each individual count is in___________________ circle around the exact center point.

   Origin of the National Audubon Society: It was named after _______________ John James Audubon, who illustrated¹⁵ birds in _____________________. The Society was founded in __________________ by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds.

B  Now try this: listen to a more authentic¹⁶ version of the report. Complete the summary of this year's Christmas bird counts.
   Christmas bird counts will ___________  from Christmas to January 3rd., ___________ by the National Audubon Society. This year more than 40 000 volunteers from the U.S., Canada, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands will be ___________________________. The counts are not only for _________________ but _______________________________ as well.
   This year more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been _______. Some would have as few as ______________________, others with _________. Every individual count is in a ___________ around the exact center point. Bird counters can get a good idea of ___________within the count circle based on __________ they actually see.
   The traditional Christmas bird count is ___________ in ornithology¹⁷.
 
Part Ⅲ   Dolphin captivity¹⁸
We have learned a great deal by observing the animals kept in the zoo. However, wildlife is wild. Do you think we are protecting them or making them suffer by keeping them in captivity?

A  The following words and phrase are used in the news interview. Listen to the words first. Study the definitions carefully.
   1. ire: anger
   2. instigate¹⁹: provoke to some action
   3. sonar: a method for finding and locating objects under water by means of the sound waves they reflect or produce
   4. bounce off: (sound or light) reach the surface and is reflected back
   5. marine: of, near or living in the sea
   6. breed: produce offspring
   7. metabolically²⁰: pertaining²¹ to what is needed to function
   8. alter: change
   9. stranded²²: left abandoned

B  Listen to the news interview. There are five persons in it. Match column A with column B to indicate who's who. Then write out the thesis statements they are arguing about.
   Column A
   1. AlanTu
   2. Peter Jones
   3. RickTroud
   4. Deborah Duffield
   5. Jean Michel Cousteau
 
   Column B
    1 an announcer for Colorado Public Radio (CPR)
   __ a former navy dolphin trainer
   __ a biology professor
   __ an environmentalist & explorer
   __ a reporter for CPR

   Thesis Statement No. 1: _________________________________

C  Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview. Write out each person's pros²³ (agree with the thesis) or cons⁷ (disagree with the thesis) for each thesis statement in note form.
  Dolphins should be kept in captivity 
         Pros                  Cons
   Rick Troud     -                  can't live full lives
                                         . separated from mother____
                                           _________________________
                                         . concrete tank- __________
                                           -can't swim more
   Jean Michel       -                   rejecting captivity-suicidal
   Cousteau                   -sophisticated brain
   Deborah     little difference in ____        -
   Duffield    _________________________  
  
   There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity  
               Pros             Cons
   Rick Troud         -             anti-educational
                              . ___________________
                                                     ___________________
                              . beating each other  
                                                     to death; _________
                                                     ___________________
   Deborah Duffield  playing an important role in        -
                     basic understanding of the
                     animals- ___________________       
       ____________________________
 
Part Ⅳ  More about the topic: Birds-A Source of Wealth
The vitality²⁴ of the Earth is reflected in the diversity of its inhabitants. The more successful we are at maintaining or improving the living conditions of the Earth's many residents, the better our chances will be of sustaining the quality of all species' lives on Earth.

A  Listen to what Mr. LeBaron says about the information concerning birds. Complete the outline.
   Outline
   Ⅰ. Total number of known species-about __________

   Ⅱ. ______________________________________
       A. larger numbers living in the
          e.g. more than ___________ counted in Panama
       B. far fewer species native to

   Ⅲ. Value
       A. importance to the environment
          1. indicator²⁵ of the quality of environment
          2. sensitive to ____________________
       B. ____________________________________
          1. getting pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds
          2. mental quality of life degraded without birds

   Ⅳ. _______________________________________
       A. some species-declining
       B. many types-increasing
 
B  Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the material.

Part Ⅴ   Do you know...?
In general, an endangered species is one that's in immediate²⁶ danger of becoming extinct. Its numbers are usually low, and it needs protection in order to survive.

Listen to some facts about endangered species. Pay special attention to the numbers.
   ● Scientists have cataloged more than __________________________ of the species that exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least _________ that many species inhabit the planet.
   ● Up to ___________ become extinct every day. Scientists estimate that the total number of species lost each year may climb to ____________ by the year 2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last ____________ years.
   ● Around the world more than __________ protected areas exist in the form of parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about _____________________ (5 million square km, or _____ of our total land area).
   ● Today, more than __________ in the United States are classified as endangered. More than __________ animal species are endangered worldwide.
   ● Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America, _____________ of our fish species, ______________________ of our crayfish species and nearly ________________ of the mussel species are in trouble.

Part Ⅵ  Reminder of key points in this unit
    Verb & Verb Phrase  Noun & Noun Phrase  Other
   Part Ⅰ regulate        conservation    under the aus-
    come into force     habitat            pices of
    compromise        convention 
    roll off        partnership 
    breed        public appeal 
    slaughter        walrus 
    bludgeon        sea sanctuary 
                 nesting site 
                 make a donation 
   Part Ⅱ         bird count     longest-running
                 volunteer     virtually
                 Pacific islands 
                 ornithology 
                 logistics 
                 diameter 
                 census 
                 bird watcher 
                 conservationist 
                 feather 
   Part Ⅲ instigate        ire              aquatic park
    bounce off        concrete tank      in captivity
    reject        sonar              family-oriented
    alter        census              suicidal
                 debate              sophisticated
                 marine mammal      stranded
                 fractured skull/rib/jaw 
   Part Ⅳ signal        Panama              adversely
    degrade        esthetic value 
                 indicator 
                 habitat alteration 
                 degradation 
   Part Ⅴ catalog        estimate 
    inhabit        wildlife refuge 
                 reserve 
                 aquatic 
                 crayfish 
                 mussel