新概念英语第二册lesson 15　Good news

（单词翻译）

The secretary¹ told me that Mr Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm² could not afford to pay such large salaries³. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come.'Mr Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.'Don't interrupt⁴,' he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra⁵ &1000 a year!

New words and expressions⁶ 生词和短语

secretary n. 秘书
nervous adj. 精神紧张的
afford v. 负担得起
weak adj. 弱的
interrupt v. 插话，打断

参考译文

秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我。我走进他的办公室，感到非常紧张。我进去的时候，他连头也没抬。待我坐下后，他说生意非常不景气。他还告诉我，公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支，有20个人已经离去。我知道这次该轮到我了。
“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我无力地说。
“不要打断我的话，”他说。
然后他微笑了一下告诉我说，我每年将得到1,000 英镑的额外收入。

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　　自学导读
1．The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. 秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我。
would 在这里不是表示单纯的过去将来时，而是表示“想……”、“要……”的意思：
What would you like to have?
你想要吃（喝）什么？
John wouldn't lend me his bicycle.
约翰不愿意把他的自行车借给我。
2．He did not look up from his desk when I entered. 我进去的时候，他连头也没抬。
在这句话的look up中，look是它的本义“看”、“瞧”。look up一般表示原先在埋头干什么之后抬头看：
He looked up(from his book)when he heard a noise.
他听到声音后就抬起了头。（原先在读书）
3．I knew that my turn had come. 我知道这次该轮到我了。
turn在这里是名词，意为“轮流”、“轮班”、“（依次轮流时各自的）一次机会”：
I have already asked two questions. Now it's your turn.
我已经问了两个问题。该轮到你了。
When his turn came, he couldn't speak any word.
轮到他时，他却一个字也说不出来。
4．‘Mr. Harmsworth,’I said in a weak voice.“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我无力地说。
weak在这里不是指身体虚弱，而是指声音“微弱”、“无力”，因为怕被开除而感到紧张。
5．Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!
然后他微笑了一下告诉我说，我每年将得到
1，000英镑的额外收入。
（1）extra 表示“额外的”、“外加的”、“份外的”：
On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.
星期天我通常要多睡一会儿。
Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.
他上个月多得了100英镑。
（2）a在这里可译为“每一”：
I went to London once a month.
我每月去一次伦敦。
Jack⁷ telephoned Pauline four times a day.
杰克每天给波琳打4次电话。

　　语法 Grammar in use
间接引语（Indirect speech）
把某人所说的话告诉另外一个人时，应该使用间接引语（有的语法书称之为“转述引语”）。引述动词（如say，tell）可能是现在时，也可能是过去时（最常用）。间接陈述句的时态往往受引述动词的影响。引述陈述句时最常用的动词是say和tell。它们之间的区别是tell后面必须跟表示人称的间接宾语（tell sb….），而say后面则可跟或不跟to +讲话对象。如果需要提到听话者，tell +间接宾语通常比say + to +sb. 更常用。在say和tell后面一般不可加逗号。如果间接引语中的引述动词是现在时，那么其后的时态通常与原来口头陈述句的时态相同。转述刚刚说完的话时通常如此；引述动词如果是过去时，那么间接引语中的时态通常要“往回移”（即“倒移”）。一条普遍的规则是“现在时变为过去时，过去时变为过去完成时”。直接引语：
‘I can see him now!’
“我现在可以见他！”

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．nervous adj.
（1）神经质的，神经紧张的：
She is a nervous woman. Do you see that nervous smile on her face?
她是个神经质的女人。你看见她脸上那种神经质的微笑了吗？
（2）紧张的，担心的，情绪不安的：
I feel very nervous before exams.
我在考试前感到非常紧张。
He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.
他从未当众讲过话，因此他非常紧张。
（3）与nervous容易混淆的另一个词是 irritable⁸（易怒的，急躁的）：
Our teacher is an irritable old lady. She gets angry easily.
我们的老师是位脾气急躁的老太太。她很容易生气。
2．afford vt.
（1）买得起（常与can连用）：
We can/can't afford a car this year.
我们今年买得起/买不起小汽车。
（2）担负得起（损失、后果等），花得起（时间）（常与can连用）：
I can't afford to be ill again.
我不能再病了。
I can only afford one week for the trip.
我只能为这次旅行抽出一周的时间。
（3）提供，给予：
Joe afforded us a room for the night.
那天晚上乔为我们提供了一个房间过夜。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A 1a The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.
b‘Mr. Harmsworth will see you. ’
2 a Mr. Harmsworth said that business was very bad.
b ‘Business is very bad.’
3 a Mr. Harmsworth told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
b ‘The firm cannot afford to pay such large salaries. ’
B 1 told… would come/would be coming
2 said…(had) cut
3 told… had never played
4 did he say…had done/would do
5 did he tell…(had) bought/would buy
6 said…could not
7 said…(had) worked
8 told…wrote/writes/had never written
9 did you say…were/had been
10 said…would wait
2．难点练习答案
1 study  2 office  3 nervous  4 afford  5 irritable
3．多项选择题答案
1d  2b  3c  4b  5c  6d
7a  8d  9c  10c  11c  12b

　　【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★secretary　n. 秘书
history
secret
★nervous　adj. 精神紧张的
be nervous
worried：为以后的事情担心
upset:不安的
★afford　v. 负担得起
afford sth.
I can afford the hoilday.有时间去
afford money/time
afford to do sth.
I can afford five yuan./I can afford the book.
/I can afford to buy the book.
★weak　adj. 弱的
★interrupt　v. 插话，打断
(n.)interruption
disturb⁹：打扰某人
interrupt：打断某人的话
Sorry to...

课文讲解】
look down upon¹⁰/on sb：瞧不起某人
I look down upon my sister.
I look down 往地上看
The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
collect salary¹¹ 领薪水
pay salary 支付薪水
so的后面加形容词或副词
such的后面加名词，容许在该名词前面加修饰词
所有的间接引语都是宾语从句
My turn has come.
It is my turn.轮到我了
in a ... voice
in a loud(大声)/low (低声)／weak(心里不踏实)／strong(理直气壮) voice
a year
an extra thousand
再有多少：数量＋extra＋名词
two others
two more/once more
another three days

　　Key structures】
间接引语
一、主从一致：主句和从句的时态一致
1.主句的动词为一般现在时，从句为任意时态
2.主句的动词为一般过去时，从句为相对应的过去时态
（过去时：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）
一般现在时——　一般过去时
现在进行时——　过去进行时
现在完成时——　过去完成时
将来完成时——　过去将来完成时
一般过去时——　过去完成时
二、人称变化
主要是第一和第二人称变化，设身处地
三、只要属于宾语从句，引导词that考研省略
Exercises B
后面有＂人＂用tell,否则用say
1.told; would come
2.said; had cut
3.told; had never had
4.did;　say; had done/would do/did
5.did;　tell; had bought
6.said; couldn't
7.said; had worked
8.told; had never written
9.did;　say; were busy
10. said; would wait
先根据原句填时态，再把这句话放到整篇文章中检验

　　【Special difficulties】
office：办公室
study：　书房
desk：　课桌
exercises
1.study
2.office
3.nervous
4.afford
5.irritable

　　【Multipe choice】
6.....d...
（书面语）my turn has come,(口语)it is my turn
轮到谁：whose turn (is it)?who is next?
10...c...
It's your turn.You're next.
12....
extra,other,more,another
最灵活的是more,two more eggs,once more
more可以放数词和名词之间，甚至可以放在整个名词的后面
extra和other一定放在数词和名词之间，another一定放在数词前面
over sth：超过（多余）什么东西，over three years
up：往上，climb up

　　【Grammar】
一般过去进行时：跟过去的一个时间或动作同时发生
间接引语
如果是现在进行时在直接引语当中变成间接引语，极有可能选用过去完成时
1.My brother____while he____his bicycle and hurt himself.
A.fell/was riding　　 B.feel/was riding
C.had fallen/rode　　 D.had fallen/was riding
fell(跌下来）,ride（骑自行车）　Ａ
2.He____his leg as he_____in a football match.
A.broke/played　　　　B.was breaking/was playing
C.broke/was playing　 D.was breaking/played
break one's leg　　C
3.My father will be here tomorrow.
I thought that he____today.
A.was coming　　 B.is coming
C.will come　　　D.comes　　A
be coming表示将要
go/come/leave/arrive的过去进行时态很有可能表达过去将来时态的含义
跟go/come/leave/arrive相连的词一定会用进行时态表示将来时态
4.Jack was going out of the shop when he collided¹³ with an old woman
who____
A.come　　　　　　　 B.was coming
C.had been coming　　D.had come
collide¹²：相撞，是相对概念　　Ｂ
5.Mike couldn't come to the telephone when Mr.Smith called her because
she___C__in the lab.
A.had been working　　 B.has been working
C.was working　　　　　D.worked


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