新概念英语第二册 lesson 18 He often does this!

（单词翻译）

Lesson 18: He often does this!
             他经常干这种事！

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    What had happened to the writer's bag?

    After I had had lunch at a village pub¹, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there! As I was looking for it, the landlord² came in.
    'Did you have a good meal?" he asked.
    'Yes, thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill. I haven't got my bag.'
    The landlord smiled and immediately³ went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me.
    'I'm very sorry,' he said. 'My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this!'

New words and expressions⁴ 生词和短语

pub  n. 小酒店
landlord  n. 店主
bill  n. 帐单

参考译文

    我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后，就找我的提包。我曾把它放在门边的椅子上，可这会儿不见了！当我正在寻找时，酒店老板走了进来。
    “您吃得好吗？”他问。
    “很好，谢谢。”我回答，“但我付不了帐，我的提包没有了。”
    酒店老板笑了笑，马上走了出去。一会儿工夫他拿着我的提包回来了，把它还给了我。
    “实在抱歉，”他说，“我的狗把它弄到花园里去了，他常干这种事！”

新概念英语正版图书购买

　　自学导读
1．After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. 我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后，就找我的提包。
（1）have在have lunch这个词组中是完全动词而不是助动词，因此，像其他完全动词一样，它的过去完成时要加助动词had。
（cf. 本课语法）
（2）pub为public house（酒店，酒吧）的缩略形式，在英国英语的口语中较常见：
Let's go to the pub for a drink.
咱们去酒店喝杯酒吧。
（3）look for强调“寻找”这个动作，而不涉及结果：
I looked for my key everywhere, but I couldn't find it.
我到处寻找我的钥匙，但还是没找到。
2．I had left it on a chair beside the door…我曾把它放在门边的椅子上……
leave除了“离去”、“离开”、“出发”的意思，还可以表示“把（人、物）留下”、“遗留”、“丢下”等：
The dog has left your bag by a tree.
那狗把你的提包丢在了一棵树旁。
Have you left anything in the car?
你有没有把什么东西丢在车里？
Leave the books on the desk.
把书放在课桌上。
3．My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this!我的狗把它弄到花园里去了，他常干这种事！
he在这里指代的是狗。动物通常用it来代表，即被看成像东西一样。但是，指宠物、家畜或民间故事中的动物时，我们经常也用he，she，who等，即使得它们“人格化”并具有性别。用阴性代词指某个动物或东西时尤其有一种亲切的含义：
I have a little cat. She drinks milk every morning.
我有一只小猫。她每天早上喝牛奶。
George's parrot, Henry, can speak a few words. He always calls when there are lights.
乔治的鹦鹉亨利能说几个单词。只要有灯光他就叫。

　　语法 Grammar in use
完全动词have
（1）动词have有两种用法。一是作为助动词构成各种完成时（包括过去、现在、将来）和完成进行时：
I haven't seen him this morning.
我今天上午没见过他。
When I rang, Tim had already left.
我打电话的时候，蒂姆已经走了。
（2）have还可以作完全动词。当它作“具有”、“拥有”讲时，它和have got通常可以互换。在英国英语中，疑问句和否定句中
have（具有）的用法与be相同，即可以不用助动词do（或did）。
I haven't got any pencils.
我没有铅笔。
在美国英语中，常用do，did等与have一起构成疑问句和否定句：
这种形式在英国英语中现在也常见了。
have作“具有”、“拥有”讲时是状态动词，不能用于进行时态或被动语态。它通常用于一般现在时：
You can have these apples if you want them. I've got a lot more.
如果你想要这些苹果你可以把它们拿走。我还有许多。
He has(got) a Ford⁵.
他有一辆福特牌汽车。
在其他时态中，一般用have而不用 have got：
He had a Ford last year.
去年他有过一辆福特牌汽车。
I have had this car for three years.
这辆汽车我已用了3年了。
Last week, Jimmy had a bad cold.
上星期吉米得了重感冒。
（3）have 作完全动词时，还可以表示eat，drink，enjoy，take等意思，这时它是行为动词，可以用于包括进行时的各种时态：
Have a cigarette⁶, Sam.
萨姆，请抽烟。
We will have dinner at seven o'clock.
我们将于7点开饭。
Sam and I had lunch together today.
我和萨姆今天一起吃的午饭。
I'm having a drink.
我正在喝点东西。
当have用于表示这些含义时，它必须与do和did等连用以构成疑问句和否定句：

词汇学习 Word study
1．beside与besides
介词beside常用的含义为“在……旁边”、“在……附近”：
Come and sit beside us.
过来坐在我们旁边吧。
There is a chair beside the door.
门旁边有一把椅子。
besides的词形与beside很相似，但意义却相差甚远。besides作副词时表示“而且”、“并且”、“此外”等意思：
She has so much else to do besides.
此外，她还有许多其他事要做。
I'm quite busy today. Besides, I've got a bad cold.
我今天很忙，而且我还感冒得厉害。
besides还可以作介词，表示“除……之外（还）”：
There were a lot of people at the party besides us.
除了我们以外，晚会上还有许多（其他）人。
2．give的几个固定搭配
及物动词give常用的含义是“给予”、“交给”：
Give me some water, please.
请给我一些水。
I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning.
我上个月曾借给他一些书。他今天上午都还给我了。可以看出，give与back连用时，它的意义并没有发生太大的变化。但是，当它与其他副词连用时，意义往往会有变化，有时变化非常大：
He gave away all his books to the library.
他把所有的书都赠给了这家图书馆。（give away：赠送）
Give in your examination⁷ papers⁸ after you've finished.
考卷做好后就交上来。（give in：上交，呈交）
You can do what you like. I will never give in.
你想干什么就干什么。我决不屈服。（give in：屈服，让步）
He gave up drinking a few years ago.
他几年前戒酒了。（give up：放弃，抛弃）
Jack⁹ has given up the watch he stole last week.
杰克把他上星期偷的表交了出来。（give up：交出，让出）

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A 1 I looked for my bag after I had had lunch at a village pub.
2 I had left my bag on a chair beside the door.
3 The landlord asked me:‘Did you have a good meal?’
4 I answered:‘I can't pay the bill because I haven't got my bag.’
5 The dog had taken the bag into the garden.
C Sentences 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11
2．难点练习答案
A 1 back  2 away  3 in  4 in
B 1 Besides  2  beside
3．多项选择题答案
1b  2d  3b  4d  5b  6c
7d  8c  9a  10c  11c  12b

　　have的用法：
have dinner,have a cigarette,have coffee,have a holiday,have a good time
have a swim,have a rest
have a pen,have a headache
have做＂有，患病＂概念时，可作为实义动词，也可作为非实义动词。
疑问句和否定句构成：
实义动词：通过助动词
非实义动词：直接加not
have只能作为非实义动词，如果一个词是以完成时态出现的
have只能作为实义动词
I have a holiday.
I don't have a holiday.

　　【Key structures】
Exercises C
In which of these sentences can we put the verb¹⁰ got after have?
三种情况：那些时候have 可以用 have got取代
①　I have a pen. I have got a pen.＂有＂
②　I have a headache.　I have got a headache.＂得病＂
③　have to
以上三种情况have ==have got
⑴...不换...
⑵...换...
有钱
⑶...换...
⑷...不换...
进行
⑸...换...
患病
⑹...不换...
have a good/long time：过的愉快
⑺...换...
⑻...换...
has to
⑼...不换...
have a swim,have a bath
⑽...换...
⑾...换...
⑿...不换...
have a letter from==receive a letter from 收到