新概念英语第二册lesson 28 No parking

（单词翻译）

   Lesson 28:No parking¹ 禁止停车

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    What is Jasper White's problem?

    Jasper White is one of those rare² people who believes in ancient myths³. he has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon⁴. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!

New words and expressions 生词和短语

rare  adj. 罕见的
ancient  adj. 古代的，古老的
myth  n. 神话故事
trouble  n. 麻烦
effect  n. 结果，效果
Medusa  n. 美杜莎（古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪之一）
Gorgon  n. （古希腊神话中的）3位蛇发女怪之一（凡见其貌者都会变成石头）

参考译文

    贾斯珀.怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一。他刚在城里买下一所新房子，但自从搬进去后，就和汽车及车主们发生了磨擦。当他夜里回到家时，总是发现有人把车停在他家大门外。为此，他甚至一次也没能把自己的车开进车库。贾斯珀曾把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边，但没有任何效果。现在他把一个丑陋的石雕头像放在了大门上边，这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一。我问他那是什么？他告诉我那是蛇发女怪美杜莎。贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们都变成石头。但到目前为止还没有一个变成石头呢！

新概念英语正版图书购买

　　自学导读
1．Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. 贾斯珀·怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一。
在第21课的课文详注中，我们曾经提到“one of +名词／代词”这个结构，of后面的名词必须是复数，但与这个结构连用的动词必须是单数：
One of your friends is waiting for you now.
你的一位朋友正在等你。
课文中who代指的是one of those rare people，所以动词用believes。
2．… but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.………但自从搬进去后，就和汽车及车主们发生了摩擦。
ever since的语气比since强，表示“从那以后一直，，主句一般用完成时：
I've been interested in flying ever since I was a boy.
自从我的孩提时代起，我就对飞行一直感兴趣。
He left the village last year and has never returned ever since.
他去年离开了这座村庄，从那以后一直没有回去过。
3．Jasper has put up‘No Parking’ signs outside his gate…贾斯珀曾把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边……
put up在这里表示“挂起”、“竖起”等意思。
4．Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.
贾斯珀希望她把汽车和司机们都变成石头。
（1）she指的是蛇发女怪美杜莎。根据希腊神话，凡看她一眼的人都会变成石头。
（2）turn在这儿的意思是“把……变成”，是及物动词：
They have turned the famous beauty spot to/into an ugly place.
他们把那著名的风景胜地变成了一个丑陋的地方。

　　语法 Grammar in use
1．现在完成时
在第4课的语法中我们讲过与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语，其中包括before（now），so far， up to／till now，just，already，now，ever，never等；还讲过有些用现在完成时的句子
不需要任何表示时间的词。注意以下句子：
This is one of the worst photos I've ever taken.
这是我照过的最差的相片之一。
What a good film!
这电影真好！
Yes, I've never seen such a good film before.
是的，我从来没看过这么好的电影。
How many times have you had that dream?
那个梦你做过几次？
I've had it three times so far.
迄今为止我已做过3次。
除了这些词以外，since和for也常与现在完成时连用，表示直到现在的时段。since一般与一个时间点连用，for一般与一个时间段连用：
How long have y0u been a doctor?
你当医生有多久了？
I've been a doctor since 1989.
自1989年以来我一直是个医生。
How long have you worked at the library?
你在图书馆工作多久了？
I've worked at the library for a week.
我来图书馆工作已经一星期了。
I've lived here since 1980.
自1980年起我就住在这儿。
I've lived here for five years.
我已在这里住了5年了。
2．关系从句（Relative clauses）及关系代词（Relative pronouns）
在第1册第121～124课中，我们已接触到关系从句。关系从句又可称为定语从句或形容词从句，它像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。关系从句可分为限定性（defining）关系从句（不带逗号）和非限定性（non-defining）关系从句（带逗号）。我们在这里只讨论限定性关系从句。
可以用来表示人的关系代词有who，whom和that以及所有格形式whose，口语中whom经常由who代替。用来表示事物和动物的关系代词有which和that。不论这些关系代词指的是单数还是复数，其形式都保持不变。关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时往往可以省略，作主语时则不可以：
This is the photo (that/which) I took.
这是我拍的照片。（the photo为took的宾语，that/which代替the photo，可省略）
The man (who/whom) I served was wearing a hat.
我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。（who／whom为served的宾语，可省略）
The lady who is standing⁵ behind the counter⁶ served me.
接待我的是站在柜台后面的那位女士。（who为关系从句的主语，不可省）
I bought the books which are on the counter.
我买的就是柜台上的那些书。（which为关系从句的主语，不可省）
The millionaire⁷ whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kind father.
有个儿子一周前从家里逃走的那位百万富翁不是个慈父。
（whose在关系从句中作定语，不可省）
The girls who are standing behind the counter served us.
接待我们的是站在柜台后面的那几位姑娘。（who代替复数名词the girls，形式不变）

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．believe与believe in
动词believe的含义为“相信”、“认为”：
Do you believe that cats eat grass?
你相信猫吃草吗？
Are they at home?
他们在家吗？
I believe so.
我认为在。
believe in可以表示“信仰”、“相信……的存在”、“相信……的价值”：
I believe in God.
我信仰上帝。
He believes in ancient myths.
他相信古代神话。
这个短语还可以表示“信赖（人格、力量等）”：
I've never believed in John.
我从没有信赖过约翰。
试比较：
I believe him.
我相信他（的话）。（=I believe his words.）
2．because与 because of
because只能作连词用，后面接从句：
You can't remember his name, because you aren't really thinking.
你想不起他的名字是因为你没有真正努力去想。
I want to go home now, because I'm tired.
现在我想回家，因为我累了。
because of是介词短语，后面不可以跟从句，只能跟名词或代词。它既可以位于句首，也可以位于句子中间：
Because of the rain, we have to stay at home.
因为下雨，我们不得不呆在家里。
Because of you, we have to put the meeting off.
因为你的缘故，我们已把会议推迟了。
He came back early because of the rain.
由于下雨，所以他回来得早。
He is absent today because of his father's illness.
由于他父亲的病，他今天缺席。
3．can与 be able to
can表示天生的或学到的能力时，只能用于现在时和过去时（could），而不可用于将来时。将来时中表示能力时必须用be able to。在现在时和过去时中，can/could与be able to一般可以互换，在完成时中一般用be able to：
He has never been able to get his own car into his garage.
他从来都没能把自己的车开进车库。（现在完成时）
I'll be able to pass my driving test after I've had a few lessons.
我上几次课后就能通过驾驶考试。（一般将来时）

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A has just bought(1.2)；has had(1.3)；has parked(1.4)；has not been able(1.5)；has put up(1.6)；have not had(1.7)；has put(1.8)；have ever seen(1.9)；has been turned(1.10)
2．难点练习答案
2 who/that  3 whose  4 which  6 that/which
3．多项选择题答案
1c  2d  3b  4b  5c  6d
7b  8d  9c  10d  11b  12a

　　【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★rare　adj. 罕见的
rare animal 稀有动物
rare bird　珍稀鸟类
rare illness 疑难杂症
scarce⁸ 少有的
Watermelon is scarce in winter.
coconut⁹ 椰子
steak 牛排
well done 全熟
medium　　半生半熟的
rare　　　几乎是生的
★ancient　adj. 古代的，古老的
ancient Egypt 古埃及
antique¹⁰ 古董，古老而有价值的
★myth　n. 神话故事
fairy 神仙故事
★trouble　n. 麻烦
woman/man troubles
child troubles
never trouble troubles until troubles trouble you
永远不要自寻烦恼
Let sleeping dog lie. 不要自找麻烦。
ask for trouble
He is asking for trouble.
I'm sorry to put you in trouble. 我很抱歉给你带来麻烦（口语）
have trouble in doing sth
I have trouble (in) parking the car.
I have a lot of trouble parking the car.
★effect　n. 结果，效果
have an effect 有效果
have no effect 没有效果
have effect on 对...有效果
The advice has no effect on me.
★Medusa　n. 美杜莎（古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪这一）
★Gorgon　n. （古希腊神话中的）3位蛇发女怪这一（凡见其貌者都会变成石头）

　　【课文讲解】
one of 其中之一
one of the students
believe in 信任；信仰
关系代词：who,whom,which,that
关系代词后面要加从句
先行词是主句和从句共同有的一个词
I have a book that/which he likes.
关系代词有两个功能：一是承上，一是启下
The boy is my brother.
The boy is standing at the door.
The boy who is standing at the door is my brother.
I can do anything I can to help you.
I can do anything that I can do.
Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths.
who 在这是关系词，起承上启下的作用
believe 用在people之后应该用复数对待
who 在从句中指代的是单数，就用单数对待，在从句中指代的是复数就用复数对待
如果在定语从句中出现了one of作为先行词，它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词
如果在one of前面还有一修饰词only,那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词
He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
one of 直接作主语的时候，它是做单数看待的
One of the answers is ture.
One of those people is good.
ever since=since
have trouble doing 做...有麻烦
have trouble with sb. 和某人相处有麻烦
I have trouble with my roommate.
in the morning 每天早晨
in the afternoon　每天下午
at night　每天晚上
park a car 停车
because of 由于
because 的后面加句子
because of 的后面加词
be able to 的主语一般都是人，表示有能力去做
get his car into his garage.
I drove¹¹ the car into the wall.
I drove the car into the tree.
drive the car into 把车子撞上某地
get sth into 把...弄进
even once
put up 张贴
put up the pictures on the wall 在墙上贴画
not any = no
on 接触在上面
over 悬挂在上面
one of后面加可数名词的复数
I have ever seen 做定语从句，修饰前边的faces
如果关系词在从句中做宾语，关系词口语省略，所以 I 前的which被省略
This is the most difficult thing I have ever done.
This is the most terrible news I have ever heard.
有两个结构一定是最高级
１．of+范围
２．in+地点
He is the tallest in the room.
３．I have ever 从句
hope 的后面加that从句
turn sth to 把前者变成后者
turn the prince to a frog
He was turned to a frog
turn cars and their owner to stone
none of,neither of做主语时做单数看待
先行词：放在定语从句前面，而且是两句话共同含有的词，还是被定语从句修饰的词
定语从句：句子做定语，一般放在被修饰词后面
四个关系代词：
who;whom;which;that
who 在从句当中做主语或做宾语
whom 只能在从句当中做宾语
which 指物，即可以做主语，又可以做宾语
that 即可以指物，又可以指人，即可以做主语，又可以做宾语

Special difficulties】
whose 后面一定要加一个名词，然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语
The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my brother.
The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not hurt.
land 着陆
He is the right person I am looking for.

Structure】(47页)
3. Our neighbour,...name is Charles Alison,will sail tomorrow.
(a) whose　√ (b) whose his　 (c) his　 (d) of whom
whose 在这儿等于his
his是物主代词，whose是关系代词
关系代词可以引导定语从句，物主代词不可以引导定语从句
做主语，宾语的关系代词有 who，whom,which,that
只有whose做定语
5.His boat,...is 'Topsail‘，is famouse.
(a) whose the name　　　 (b)　 the whose name
(c) of whom the name　　 (d)　 the name of which　 √
冠词和形容词性物主代词不能并存
不会说of sth the name
而会说the name of sth
介词后边加的是介词宾语
that不能直接出现在介词后边

复习28课的语法
定语从句
关系代词可以有四个概念：
1.代人的，做主语或宾语who
只做宾语的whom
2.代物的，做主语或宾语　which
3.代人的也可以代物的　做主语或宾语 that
4.whose其代表的东西由其在句子中的成分决定
The boat whose name is...

翻译练习：
我有一个房子，房子的窗户都破了。
I have a house whose windows are broken.
介词后不可以用that
I have a book I am interested in。
I have a book that I am interested in.
Exersise
The only game...I play are football and tennis.
1.不填　 如果要填只能是that
先行词如果用only，序数词，形容词最高级修饰，其后边的关系词只用that
2.He is the only student...understand English well.
that
3.He is writer...books are seldom read.
whose
4.This is the hotel at...we are staying
which
介词后加物的话，只加which,加人的话，用whom，都不可用that
She is the gril。I stayed with her.
She is the girl with whom I stayed.
This is the hotel which we are staying at
That is the house.I live in the house.
That is the house in which I live.
5.Is this the money...you lost? 不填
6.That is the horse...won the race.
从句中少主语
选which ,that 不能用
句子中用词避免重复
谁是那个正在帮助你的人？
Who is the man that is helping¹² you?
7. He is the sort of person...everyone admires.
person 是先行词，在从句中做宾语
不填
总结：
在做翻译或阅读时，先找句子的主干，剩下的是各修饰成分
考定语从句时，备选答案更加难以选出，要仔细分辨，再复习一下这七道题

Multiple choice】
6.
这是我所见过的最干净的街道了。
This is the cleanest street I have ever seen.
答案：Ｄ
此句是用比较级来表达最高级的概念
better than anything else 最好
The teacher is the tallest in the room.
The teacher is taller than anyone else in the room.
I have never seen a taller one.
I have never bought a more expensive one.
7.
课文中为　none of
No 是形容词，后加名词
no one =nobody
不定代词后不用of
可以用的有：neither of/none of/both of/all of
none of =not one of
9.
rarely=seldom 几乎不
10.
选 D.
not all 不是所有的
Not all students are good.
Not all children are naughty.
12.
have effect 有效果
影响　　effect　.n.
affect　.v.

Composition】
drives/driven/and/do not deserve/criticizes